Baseball Stats

Appendix Data Set Howell and Huessy (1985) reported on a study of 386 children who had, and had not, exhibited symptoms of attention deficit disorder (ADD)—previously known as hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction—during childhood. In 1965 teachers of all second-grade school children in a number of schools in northwestern Vermont were asked to complete a questionnaire for each of their students dealing with behaviors commonly associated with ADD.Questionnaires on these same children were again completed when the children were in the fourth and fifth grades and, for purposes of this data set only, those three scores were averaged to produce a score labeled ADDSC. The higher the score, the more ADD-like behaviors the child exhibited. At the end of ninth grade and again at the end of twelfth grade, information on the performances of these children was obtained from school records. These data offer the opportunity to examine questions about whether later behavior can be predicted from earlier behavior and to examine academically related variables and their interrelationships. A description of each variable follows. †¢ ADDSCAverage of three ADD-like behavior scores †¢ GENDER1 = male; 2 = female †¢ REPEAT1 = repeated at least one grade; 0 = did not repeat †¢ IQIQ obtained from a group-administered IQ test †¢ ENGLLevel of English in 9th grade: 1 = college prep; 2 = general; 3 = remedial †¢ ENGGGrade in English in 9th grade: 4 = A, etc. †¢ GPAGrade point average in 9th grade †¢ SOCPROBSocial problems in 9th grad: 1 = yes; 0 – no †¢ DROPOUT1 = dropped out before completing high school; 0 = did not drop out The data are available at http://www. uvm. du/~dhowell/fundamentals7/DataFiles/Add. dat ASRIEEGSD DEEQ NN P0R DX PGG AC O S EL G PP C A RO TOU BT 45 10111232. 6000 5010102232. 7500 4910108244. 0000 5510109222. 2500 3910118233. 0000 6811 79221. 6701 6911 88222. 2511 5610102243. 4000 5810105311. 3300 4810 92243. 5000 3410131243. 7500 5020104132. 6700 8510 83232. 7510 4910 84222. 0000 5110 85232. 7500 5310110222. 5000 3620121143. 5500 6220120232. 7500 4620100243. 5000 5020 94222. 7511 4720 89123. 000 5020 93243. 2500 4420128243. 3000 5020 84232. 7500 2920127143. 7500 4920106232. 7500 2610137233. 0000 8511 82321. 7511 5310106232. 7510 5310109221. 3300 7210 91220. 6700 3510111222. 2500 4210105221. 7500 3710118243. 2500 4610103321. 7500 4810101133. 0000 4610101333. 0000 4911 95233. 0000 6511108233. 2500 5210 95332. 2510 7511 98211. 0001 5810 82232. 5001 4320100133. 0000 6020100232. 4000 4310107122. 0000 5110 95222. 7500 7011 97232. 6711 6911 93222. 0000 6511 81122. 0000 6320 89221. 6700 4420111243. 0000 6121 95211. 5001 4020106243. 7500 6220 83310. 6700 5910 81221. 000 4720115144. 0000 5020112233. 0000 5020 92232. 3300 6520 85221. 7500 5420 95323. 0000 4420115243. 7500 6620 91242. 6711 3420107143. 5000 7420102200. 6700 5721 86332. 2500 6020 96133. 0010 3620114233. 5000 5010105221. 7 500 6010 82211. 0000 4510120233. 0000 5510 88211. 0001 4410 90132. 5000 5720 85232. 5000 3320106143. 7500 3020109143. 5000 6410 75321. 0010 4911 91232. 2500 7610 96221. 0000 4010108232. 5000 4810 86232. 7500 6510 98220. 7500 5010 99221. 3000 7010 95211. 2500 7810 88331. 5000 4410111223. 0000 4810103212. 0000 5210107222. 0000 4010118222. 5000

Icu Bed

Genre of the film: Indies film Setting: The film happened during the modern days at a hospital. Characters: * Eddie Garcia as Joseph * Angel Aquinas as Beth * Ion Bemoaning as Joe * Irma Dolan as Cell * Happen Sys as Ann * Irvin Viola as Joshua Plot: The plot of the movie happened in the middle part. Many things were going on, tragedies, happiness, and sufferings. One of those tragedies was when Ann found out that she was pregnant, and the father of her child doesn't want to claim their baby. Another one Is when Cell found out that her husband was cheating on her.Her husband had another family. And the last one is when Joseph, their father, was getting sicker and sicker. Conflict: The conflict of the story was when Joseph didn't want to stop doing his illegal fetish, despite of his Illness. He keeps on doing what he wants to do, and he doesn't even bother if it's going to harm him or not. How conflict was resolved: The conflict was resolved when Joseph had a dream while he was in his hospital bed. He dreamt about what would happen to him if he was dead, and honestly, it wasn't too good. So, when he woke up and realized he was still alive, he decided to do hat he can to live.He didn't totally give up on his bad habits but still, he lived. Summary: Once there was an old man named Joseph. He had many bad habits. Some of these were smoking, drinking, and gambling. One day, he reached his limits and he was sent to the hospital. He was there for a long time, not knowing when he will be cured. His family did everything for him to survive, but, like any other families, they too had their own problems. These problems were teenage pregnancy, family problems, and bad parenting. Josephs family was very full of disorder but they managed to solve these problems.As time passed by, Joseph has been cured from his illness; Ann had decided to keep her baby even though she was not at the right age for it, Joshua finally obeys his parent's, and the two sisters conquered their probl ems. The end. Values learned: One of the values learned In this movie was to not give up even though you are really struggling from your problem. Giving up was never a choice whenever you have problems. Always remember that there are people around you who are going to support you for whatever that'll happen in your life. Another lesson is to take care of yourself. Take care of your body, your health, and your mind.Don't do things that you know will harm yourself. Always remember that whenever you do bad things, you will have to repay some debts and you will have some consequences, in order for you to 1 OFF learn that lesson. Personal reactions: Honestly, I have many reactions about this movie. I really felt that I connected with the movie because the things that happened to Joseph were really similar to what happened to my grandfather who had Just passed away. I think that the movie was very legit in a sense that it was really realistic, unlike other movies that are very sectional a nd you really wouldn't think it would happen in real life.The scenes in this movie would really happen in real life, and I actually liked that fact that the director made the movie like this. It was very creative of him to do a movie that was very true to life. I think the goal of the director of the movie, Rica Reveal, was to make sure that her audience would connect with the movie they're watching. And I appreciate that very well. I am glad that I had watched this movie because I learned so many things, I realized so many things, and I discovered so many things that I haven't learned in my life before.

How two businesses are organised Essay

In this assignment I will be discussing about how two businesses are organised. The two businesses that I will be discussing about is BHP Billiton and Battersea Dogs and Cats home. The first business that I will be discussing about is BHP Billiton and how they have organised their business.BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian multinational mining, metals and petroleum company headquarter in Melbourne. BHP Billiton is the world’s largest mining company measured by 2013 revenue. It was created in 2001 through the merger of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. The first way BHP Billiton is divided into is within the function. Within BHP Billiton the function is the Chief Development Officer who is in charge of development of the company and researches about countries that BHP Billiton has not mined in. chief Financial Officer who is in charge of finance of the business. The Chief Legal Counsel is the person is who is responsible for the legal issue within the business; this is done by meeting the legal requirements for a particular business. The Group Vice President Human Resources is responsible for the people management within a business. Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer is the person who is responsible within making sure that the business meets their customer needs, they also make sure that they also meet their business needs, this is done by making sure the business has the right quality of product, the price of the product and also by advertising their product to attract the target market which are the customers. BHP Billiton is organised by the product group. These roles consist of the President Petroleum, this is the person who is responsible for all the extraction of the petroleum, the Senior Minerals Executive, and this is the person who is responsible for all the minerals collected from the mining. President Energy Coal, this is the person who is responsible for collecting the coal. President Carbon Steel Materials, this is person who is responsible for making of the carbon steel. The second business that I will be discussing about is Battersea Dogs and Cats home is the United Kingdom’s oldest and most famous home for dogs and  cat and is situated in the Battersea area of London. It is financed by voluntary donations with an income of almost  £12.2million in 2010. The main aim of the business is to reunite dogs and cats with their owners and work in a community to educate people about responsibility of ownership. Battersea Dogs and Cats home has only one organised structure which is function also known as department, there is 9 functions within this organisation. This consist of Director of Education and Events, this is the person who is responsible for doing events for the business for the company to have the attention and awareness for people to donate. This is also done by going into schools to educate kids about on how to take care of animals and the responsibility they will have for the animal. Director of Communications, this is the person in the company who is responsible for the communication of media contact for the organisation and giving a better value of the company. Director of Finance is the person who is responsible for making sure that all the donations that come in for the business are recorded and kept safe, they also make decision for the finance of the business and how it should be dealt with. Director of Human Resources is the person who is responsible for the person’s management within the business. Director of Estates and Facilities, this is the person who is responsible for making sure that the business has the right facilities for the business that will be able to take care of the animals. Director of Fundraising, this is the person who is responsible for arranging fundraising events so that people can donate money for the business. Director of Operations (Customer Service), this is person who is responsible for customer complaints and enquires. Director of Operations (Animal Welfare) this is the person who is responsible for the welfare of the animal and also the safety of the animal. Director of Veterinary Services, this is the person who is responsible for the medical and health of the animal. The Line of Control is an individual who is responsible for the line of management. BHP Billiton has used the line of manager. For example BHP Billiton have done this by having the ‘Top down’ approach this means that the manager of the company such as the CEO are at the top are responsible for everyone who works within the business. This is done by making sure that all the staffs is doing the right job and if everything is up to high standard. The line of control for Battersea Dogs and Cats Home has four lines of control and 18 spans of control. The  staff and employees report to the managers and the managers will report to the director. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home also have a 3 layer structure, this works by the Chief Executive informing the directors on what they have to do for the business and then they will pass on the information to the managers so that they are then able to pass on to their staffs and volunteers. Within these two businesses I will be looking at those four different ways in dividing work within the organisation which are the following: 1) Function 2) Geographical location 3) Product groups 4) Types of customers The first organisational structure is function. This is when the people who in the department are divided up what their purpose in the company are, for example marketing. The second organisational structure is geographical location, this is the people who work in the company are divided up by where they work, or what area of the country/world they look after. The third organisational structure is product groups, this is the people who work for the company are divided up by what they produce or look after in the company. The four and last organisational structure is type of customers, this is the people who work in the company are divided up by which type of customers their job related for, for example individual customers or business customers. Within these four organisational structure BHP Billiton only two of these structures. The first structure is Function; this is the area that is responsible for a particular job in the department such as finance, development officers, petroleum, and legal counsel, vice president of Human Resources, Vice President of Marketing, President of Metals and Carbon Steel Materials. However Battersea Dogs and Cats Home only have one of these organisational structures. The type of organisational structure they have is function but have are divided into nine groups, this is the director of communications, Director of Education and Events, Director of Finance, Director of Estate and Facilities, Director of Human Resources, Director of Fundraising, Director of Operations (Animal Welfare) and Director of Operations (Customer Service). BHP Billiton Chart for their Business BHP Billiton has this hierarchy structure to present their business as they have a more of a wider range of employees that work within departments and businesses. The charts show us how each employee works in the business and what their job role is. Battersea Dogs and Cats home chart for their Business Battersea Dogs and Cats Home have used a more of a flat structure to represent their business. The organisational structure that has been used to represent this chart is function and also has been used to be divided in nine groups which have been shown in the chart. Span of Control: A span of control is the number of people who report to one manager in a hierarchy. The span of control has been used in each business, for example the span of control has been used in BHP Billiton as they only have 5 span of control which has different departments reporting to the CEO or Deputy CEO, this is why in the hierarchy it shows a structure of how the role has been played and has a wider range. The span of control has also been used in Battersea Dogs and Cats Home as the structure consist of 18 spans of control but has been divided into 9 departments with the staff and volunteer which report to the manager and inform about how the business is doing. Functional Areas: BHP Billiton Production/operations function: The production functional area is the part of a business where goods are produced, manufactured or assembled. Some businesses especially those that don’t product good but instead provide services, call this area ‘operations’. BHP Billiton does this by making sure that staff is working effectively to meet their production service targets. They can also do this by making sure their product is up to date and are high standard of good quality so that they are able to be sold to customers around the world. Marketing Function: The marketing function area is the part of the business that identified and tries to meet customer’s needs. They will also try and ensure their business  has the product, price and advertising that will appeal to their target customers. BHP Billiton can do this by carrying put market research to find out what new products customer wants. They can also do this by making sure they reach their target markets and to achieve their aim. Human Resources: The Human Resources functional area is responsible for people management in a business. This can be done by making policies about people in the business for example about the workplace safety. BHP Billiton can do this by recruit employees that are related to a particular job role and to make sure that the health and safety for staff is always there. Purchasing: The purchasing functional area is the part of the business that is responsible for buying all of the supplies the business needs to run effectively. This includes office supplies like paper and stationary but also the raw materials used for production. This can be done by buying goods for the company. BHP Billiton can do this by finding suppliers who are reliable and can supply good quality. Sales: The sales of functional area are the part of a business that gets customers to buy or consume what the business produces. In some businesses, the sales functional area is a part of the marketing functional area. Marketing staff find out what customers wants. Sales staff needs to get customers to buy the product. BHP Billiton can do this by managing the sales team making sure that their product are being sole and to also develop strong positive relationship with customers. Finance: The finance functional area is responsible for keeping records of financial transaction and giving managers the information they need to make decisions about the business. It is important that managers are aware of the financial situation of the business so that they can consider the effects decisions they will make will have on the business finance. BHP Billiton can do this by producing annual account statements and providing financial information to management. Customer service: The customer service functional area is the part of the business that looks  after customer enquiries, concerns and complaints. BHP Billiton can do this by answering customer’s enquiries and complaint they have about the business. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home Functional Areas: Battersea Dogs and Cat Home have only six functional areas, this includes; Human Resources, Customer Service, Sales, Finance, Marketing and Production/Operation. Human Resources: The human resources functional area is responsible for people management in a business they make policies and rules about the business for the people, for example the health and safety and to help recruit people into the business. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home can run induction training for all new volunteers and also staff training to update product knowledge about new products in the shop. Finance: The finance functional area is responsible for keeping records of financial transaction ad providing information to managers to make decisions about the business. This is important for managers to be aware of their financial records. For example with Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is they provide the Chief Executive with cash flow statements showing donation income and expenses and to also provide the CEO with annual revenue and sales data. Customer Service: Customer service functional area is the part of the business area that looks after customer enquiries, concerns and complaints. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home will do this by having a customer service for customers to ask any question they want about the business and to also give complaints and concerns about the business Production/Operations function: The production functional area is part of the business where goods are produced, manufactured or assembled. Staffs are required to meet their production or service targets. Some businesses that do not produce goods but instead provide services, is called ‘operations’. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home will make sure that products are in stock for the Battersea shop and the online shop. Sales: The sales functional area is part of the business that gets customers to buy or consume what the business produces. In some businesses, the sales functional area is part of the marketing functional area. Marketing staff find out what customers want sales needs to persuade customers in to buying their products. In non-profit voluntary organisations (like charities) that provide their products or services for free, there is no need for sales functions area, to convince donors to donate to organisation. Battersea Dogs and Cat Home will do this by having volunteers work for their business and customers that donate for the business. Marketing Function: The marketing functional area is the part of the business that identifies and tries to meet customer needs. They will also try and ensure their business has the product, price and advertising that will appeal to their target customers. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home will do this by speaking at a local secondary school to encourage the student council to raise money and to also produce leaflets explaining how people can donate at home. Explain each functional area role in the business and how it helps to achieve their aims and objective: BHP Billiton: Human resources at BHP Billiton will include by running induction training for all new staff and staff training to update product knowledge about new products in the shop. The managers will do this by giving the same aim to all the staff and to make sure they are all doing their job right. The objective and aim of Human resources for BHP Billiton is to make sure they make profit for their business as the will also achieve their business aim. Customer service at BHP Billiton will include answeringcustomer’s enquiries and customer complaints and services. They use customer service surveys to find out what customers think of service in the shop. The objective and aim of customer service at BHP Billiton is to make sure they answer customer enquiries and complaint and to make sure they provide this service to customers. Finance at BHP Billiton is to keep up to date with their financial profit and how much they are making. They will provide the Chief Executive with cash flow statements showing donation income and expenses and to also provide the CEO with annual revenue and sales data. The objective  and aim of BHP Billiton with finance is that they will keep records of all the profits they are making and having a cash flow chart to show how much they have progressed throughout the year. Marketing at BHP Billiton is to try and meet their customer needs and will also make sure their business has the right product and price. They will also analyse data to identify and target customers. The objective and aim of BHP Billiton with marketing is that they will sell their product globally to customers and will market their products to other business to sell to customers in their shop. Production/Operation at BHP Billiton is where the goods are produced, manufactured or assembled. Staffs are required to meet their production or service targets, make sure raw materials and services are variable managing staff. Make sure that products are in stock for the BHP Billiton and the online shop. The objective and aim of BHP Billiton of production is to give good service to customers and to make sure the product of their service is high quality. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home: Human resources for Battersea Dogs and Cats Home will include staff training to update product knowledge about new products in the shop and to also run induction training for all new volunteers, they will also make sure that all animals have a shelter and are looked after properly. The aims and objectives of human resources is by making sure that every staff that works in the business knows what they are doing and are sure of what to do so that the business goes well. The aim of this is that they will be a good service for the customers when donating to the business. Customer service at Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is that they ae able to answer customer enquiries and complaints. This is by having good customer service towards the customers. To use customer service surveys to find out what customers think of service in the shop. The objective and aims of customers service is that they are able to have high standards of services for the customers so that they are able to give their en quiries to the business. The aim of having good customer service is that they will be able to have more customer awareness as they will improve their service with their opinion. Sales at Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is that customers get to buy what the business provides, this is also by having the organisation and raising money for charity. They can do this by setting up events to raise money and donate to  their business and the animal welfare. They can also do this by speaking at local secondary school to encourage the student council to raise money. The aims and objectives of Sales is that you are able to raise and donate money to the business. This will increase their profile around the UK. Finance at Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is that you can keep records of the business financial situations; they will also be able to see annual money that they are making every month and year. To also provide the Chief Executive with cash flow statements showing donation income and expenses. The aims and objectives of finance is that you are able to provide the CEO with annual revenue and data and also be able to keep records of all the donations made. The aim of sales with Battersea Dogs and Cats home is that to sell as many of their products that they can and to also make profit for their business. Marketing at Battersea Dogs and Cats Home tries to meet customer needs; they will produce promotional information to advertise what the business does and to produce leaflets explaining how people can donate at home. The aims and objectives of marketing is that the manager can analyse market to identify and target customers and to make sure the website is updated regularly to inform people about animals that are waiting for adoption. The aim of marketing with Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is that to market their product to customers by making their website look more attractive. Production/Operation, where goods are produced or assembled, with Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is that they make it easier for the customer to donate to the business. P4 – how organisational structure and strategic planning help BHP Billiton and The Battersea Dogs and Cats Home to achieve their purpose and aims. Strategic planning is the process executives undertake in order to make thoughtful decisions about their organisation mission, value and goals, and properly allocate resources to fulfil directives. A business aim is the goal a business wants to achieve. A primary aim for all business organisations is to add value and in the private sector this involves making a profit. More strategic aims include expansion, market leadership and brand building. A business objective is a detailed picture of a step you plan to take in order to achieve a stated aim. These need to be SMART in order for the business to know what progress it has made towards achieving the  objective. Mission/Purpose Statement for BHP Billiton: Mission statement: At BHP Billiton our objective is to be the company of choice – creating sustainable value for our shareholders, employees, contractors, suppliers, customers, business and host communities. We aspire to zero arm to people, our host communities and the environment and strive to achieve leading industry. Value: Sustainability – putting health and safety first, being environmentally responsible and supporting our communities. Integrity- doing what is right and doing what we say we will do. Respect – embracing openness, trust, teamwork, diversity and relationships that are mutually beneficial. .The aim of BHP Billiton is to create long-term value through the discovery, acquisition, development and marketing of natural resources. The three objectives of BHP Billiton: To own and operate large, long-life and low cost mines and minerals processing that produce a range of minerals for different customers around the world. To invest and develop large mineral deposits that of high quality that can create profit growth To market products to customers globally from to main marketing offices at The Hague in the Netherlands and Singapore. Mission/purpose statement of Battersea Dogs and Cats Home: Mission statement: We aim to never turn away a dog or cat in need of our help, caring for them until their owners or loving new homes can be found, no matter how long it takes. We are champions for, and supporters of, vulnerable dogs and cats, determined to create lasting changes for animals in our society. Value: We ae passionate about the welfare of dogs and cats, and all of our work is inspired by the needs of, and our love for animals. We have been working tirelessly to provide shelter for animals for over 150 years. We are one of the oldest animal charities in the world and the knowledge and experience we have gained has made us credible leaders in our field We deal with some of the most challenging situations that impact the lives of dogs and cats. We  seek to tackle problems at source by working actively with communities and wider society, challenging misconceptions and encouraging owners to take responsibility for their pets and treat animals humanely. We will not shy away from difficult issues. The aim of Battersea Dogs and Cats Homes is to develop and measure our standards of care and service and to expand our services to help more dogs and cats in need. Three objectives of Battersea Dogs and Cats Home: To expand their people so that more people are aware of their organisation To encourage more people to volunteer for their organisation To raise more money for their organisation Cascading objectives is the objective set on the top which flows down into departments to individuals. BHP Billiton: BHP Billiton would cascaded throughout their organisation by setting themselves to make as certain amount of metals bars therefore they would tell each department to make sure they make the metals within the certain time period. BHP Billiton focuses on increasing productions and reducing cost. They cascaded throughout their business by making a certain amount of profit each day with the products that they are selling. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home: Battersea Dogs and Cats Home would cascade throughout their organisation by setting an aim of how much money has been donated to them and how much dogs and cats they will want to sell every month. They would cascade by fundraising money into their business. SMART objectives: All businesses need to set objectives, objectives are important they focus organisation. Businesses that have specific aims are usually more successful than those that don’t; because a business with objectives knows what it is trying to achieve. SMART TARGETS: Specific – Measurable – Achievable – Realistic and Time Scaled The benefits for smart objectives are to give a target to aim to, ensuring that all marketing actions and efforts are focused on attaining the objective instead of being inefficiently used. They also give businesses and their staff a sense of direction, a glimpse of where they’re going to. This will benefit businesses as they are able to set themselves a goal. The organisational structure for each business helps them achieve their purpose and aims are by making sure that they reach their goals and to reach the purpose of their business. For BHP Billiton the organisational structure would be by making sure that managers employee people who understand their role within the company. One method that BHP Billiton can use for their organisational structure is by setting up departments covering the four main areas of business activity such as, the finance, human resources, marketing and operations. BHP Billiton also organise their business with organisation chars, these diagrams that show internal structure of the business. They make it easy to identify the specific roles and responsibilities. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home use organisational structure to help them achieve their purpose and aims is by making sure that all their employees are doing the entire right job and are serving their customers in the right way. To reach their aims they will give each employee a specific job roles and responsibilities. A method that Battersea Dogs and Cats Homes can use to organise their business is by having different functions so that their business is organised in a way that could be understood. It is important for a business organisation to plan strategic aims and objectives. This is because the aims and objectives are the ‘ends’ that an organisation seeks to achieve. It then has to decide the means it will use to achieve those ends draw up a plan and devise strategy. Many organisations have general or overall aims which they can break down into specific objectives, or targets. By setting aims and objectives, companies give themselves a sense of purpose  and direction. This will provide a framework around which creates their plans. With a particular plan in place, the company will then be able to set particular targets and monitors its progress towards reaching them. The aims of both business are different as they both try to achieve different aims such as BHP Billiton try to achieve their aim by producing more goods such as metal and mining. Whereas, Battersea Dogs and Cats Home achieve their aim by helping animals have a home and are safe. Both of these businesses are different as they have different ownerships and purpose within their business.

Slavery through Kara Walker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Slavery through Kara Walker - Research Paper Example She is well known for her graphic use of silhouette figures to depict mirages American African slaves. A close look at her work reveals vividly the impact of slavery especially through eliminating depth in all visual perspectives of the art work. She further emphasizes the depth of the images through use of the overlapping techniques on the silhouettes hence creating scenes on the several aspects through which slaves were exploited. For instance, the images portray the slaves used as sexual objects. This essay uses the three of her works that is â€Å"Slavery! Slavery,† â€Å"Gone† and â€Å"The End of Uncle Tom† to explore slavery in the United States with emphasis on South America. In the 1830’s, slavery was concentrated in the south of the United States of America concentrated in small farms and large organizations, cities and towns and any other place extra man power was necessary. The slaves were property to their owner and all blacks were slaves as primarily, the slaves in the south of America performed tasks mostly in the plantations and homesteads of their masters. They took part in clearing new lands, digging ditches and other household chores for their masters; the black women cared for the young ones and prepared meals and other functions like spinning, sewing and weaving. As outlined in Blassingame (25), slavery in the antebellum period in the South America was focused on the plantation farms, and the homestead within the firms; this was primarily the period before the First World War. Carson (164) notes that the labor market was divided between blacks and whites in the community. The probability of both skilled and unskilled laborers was evident and comparable by race. The whites had higher chances in white color jobs compared to the blacks whose major area of work was in the unskilled domains. Other than plantations labor, slavery also involved debauchery activities. This primarily comprised of the slaves being forced into immoral

Compare and Contrast Various Research Concepts Paper

Compare and Contrast Various Concepts - Research Paper Example Research is thus vital to an organization to get access in to right information, on right time and about right events in right ways. Most business organizations spend relatively a good amount of its earnings on research, mostly through the ‘Research and Development’ departments. Knowing deeply about the world around the business, especially regarding competitors, customers, other relevant stakeholders, technology, economic and political environments etc, helps a business plan strategically and effectively to serve its people better. This piece of research paper explains various research concepts, based on reviewing the literatures and compares and contrasts these different concepts. This paper addresses basic concepts of business research, applied and basic research, manager and the consultant researcher, hallmarks of scientific research etc. Business Research Research is a process of seeking information to find solution to a problem after thoroughly studying and analyzi ng situational factors (Sekaran, 2003, p. 42). Managers or specialized team assigned by the managers in most organizations engage in studying and analyzing organizational issues in order to find better solutions to it and help the organization run smoothly. A business organization cannot take decisions on important issues unless the manager or any other body assigned for it investigate the relevant information more deeply, mainly by collecting information on particular aspects that the business is interested on them. The information thus collected can be used to make judgment regarding right solution to the problem. Research normally includes a number of difficult processes such as situation analysis, data collection, hypothesis development, quantitative or qualitative analysis and presenting the findings etc. Concepts of Basic and Applied Research Though research is normally conducted for large numbers of different purposes, literatures identify two different purposes for research, namely basic research and applied research. Research may be conducted for different purposes like assessing business performance, measuring financial strength, finding financial viability, recognizing human capital productivity, assessing the effectiveness of specific organizational programs like training, development etc. These are quite different examples for some issues or problems that a firm generally requires to find solution to and bring them under control. All these different types of purposes fall in to one of basic or applied research. Basic and Applied research: Compared and Contrasted A manager or researcher may undertake the research to solve a current problem that he currently faces in his organization. the problem he or the firm faces requires a timely and more often an immediate solution. Applied research is thus one that attempts to find solution to a current problem faced by the organization (Sekaran, 2003, p. 7). Basic research focuses on generating a knowledge b ase that can be used to comprehend a problem likely to occur in the organization in future. The organization does not currently face a problem, but it is very likely that it would face issues like financial or managerial in its future and therefore it requires to create information that can be used to analyze and solve the problems. Thomas, Nelson and Silverman (2010) described that the concept of research can be viewed through two different extremes- basic research and

Account for the increasing number of children incarcerated in the UK Essay

Account for the increasing number of children incarcerated in the UK. Is this an effective means to tackle youth offending - Essay Example uss different aspects of youth incarceration, especially in the context of Youth Justice System of the United Kingdom, and will endeavor to analyze available options of tackling youth offenders. It is a fact that every government has been giving significant importance to youth crime, in order to eliminate anti-social agents from the society from its roots; however, none has been able to achieve such objective due to a number of factors, such as unemployment, poverty, etc. On contrary, youth prison population has increased dramatically that has resulted in extreme criticism, as effects of youth imprisonment do not affect young offenders only, but families and communities as well. According to the UK government, (Home Office, 2008) tough penalties for young offenders cannot be avoided, as it is essential for a safe and healthy society; however, studies have observed that these tough and punitive penalties and custodies have resulted in contrary results, rather than allowing offenders to recover and break their offending cycle. Although steps are being taken to prevent young individuals from falling into this black hole; however, youth imprisonment presently seems to be the on ly option that is taken as effective, regardless its adversities. Policymakers believe that innocent public stays protected by custody and imprisonment sentences to young offenders; however, it is an agreeable fact that punishment confronted by young offenders in prisons results in isolation from society that is adverse for children according to a number of child psychologists. Studies have noted that children are unable to acquire proper guidance in custody and remand and end up with getting opinions from wrong people, such as serious criminals and offenders, which seems to be quite true with the fact that a majority of youth offenders are convicted after two years of going from the police custody. In the past, local services used to coordinate with magistrates, and after confirming presence

Counter-Point Written Response to Reading Essay

Counter-Point Written Response to Reading - Essay Example To avoid going to court and risk getting being convicted and suffer its dire consequence, pretrial arrangements are usually resorted to as a damage control measure of corporations who are subjected to a criminal charge. The most common measures employed to control the collateral consequence of litigation comes in the form of pretrial agreements. Types of Pretrial Agreements a. Plea agreements Plea agreement is the most common form of pretrial agreement whereby a corporation pleads guilty to the most provable charge in the indictment. It requires an admission of guilt as a mitigating factor and in exchange for a lesser punishment including the avoidance of a jail term. The following memoranda sets the guidelines of a plea agreement between government prosecutor and the corporation investigated of a corporate crime. The Thompson Memo The Thompson Memo guidelines, Plea Agreement with Corporations set the limit of a prosecutor’s ability to bargain. Per Thomson memorandum, prosecut ors should only bargain to the most serious cases which is also known as â€Å"top count† policy. This memorandum requires the accused corporation to plead guilty on the charge and its provisions ensure â€Å"punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, and compliance with the agreement. The deterrence mechanism of this policy comes in the hefty fines, mandatory restitution and compliance measures. The McNulty Memo The McNulty memo was drafted by Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty as Guidelines for Prosecuting Corporate Fraud. This new memo removed few of the restrictions in the Thompson Memo to ensure the complete and fruitful corporate cooperation. The provision that were removed from the previous memo includes; â€Å"that the corporation waive attorney-client and work product protection, make employees and agents available for debriefing, disclose the results of internal investigation, file appropriate certified financial statements, agree to governmental or third-party aud its, and take whatever other steps are necessary to ensure that the full scope of the corporate wrongdoing is disclosed and that the responsible culprits are identified and prosecuted†. Filip Memo The Filip Memorandum is a revision of McNulty Memo and was updated on August 28, 2008. This process of revisions of the policy culminated in the incorporation in the final policy form into the United States Attorney’s Manual (USAM). This memo requires the prosecutors to ask permission from DOJ before requesting waivers of attorney-client privilege and work product protections during criminal investigations. In summary, Filip Memo; Prohibits prosecutors from asking protected materials from charged corporations. Not to treat refusal of such request as non-cooperation Prohibits prosecutors from including the disciplinary action of corporations in their evaluation of cooperation; and Refusal to cooperate in the part of corporation is not an admission of guilt b. Deferred prosecuti on agreements (DPA) The usage of deferred prosecution agreement as a resolution to a corporate criminal investigation is rare. It is an alternative disposition towards a corporate criminal case whereby government files the charge against the corporation in a court and agrees to â€Å"defer† the prosecution of the case and to dismiss the charge if the corporation pays the fines and rehabilitate itself. c. Nonprosecution agreem