Gender Studies about the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Studies about the family - Essay Example tion, on the other hand, depends on the ability of the other to  acquire  the most  excellent  species  or the higher number of mates basing on the degree of  difference  in reproduction (Marlene 8).  Birds with longer tails  illustrate  sexual  selection  as they attract more females contrast to the ones with shorter tails despite their risk as an easy  target  prey  and  hardship  in flying.  Females tend to  differentiate  the  little  differences amongst the mates and they prefer to mate with individuals who posses exaggerated behavior. These characters also  aid  in their survival (Marlene 9). Biologically, people might  deny  the differences of structure composition and hormones among men and women; they differ on the significance for gender values and qualities regarding the differences. Organization in the brain has also been used to determine the sex difference as in the case where females are more  superior  in  their verbal skills than men, because woman are  dominant  in the left-brain while men are better in the  image  and spatial skills because of their right  brain  dominance.  The physical differences between males and females  bring  about the  division  whereby men are more aggressive than women and have stronger muscles while females have  a better adapted pelvis  for childbearing.  Men’s aggressiveness helps them in their social life because it acts as a defensive mechanism. Parenting  is profoundly based  on gender. This is because being a father, or a mother means different things to the parents. In the act of preference, gender  is illustrated  by the issue of how men treat their sons and daughters with difference. The importance of a man relating to a woman is  essential  because it helps both parties  evaluate  whether they are a family man or a  wife. In parenting, labor  division  is  dominant  because men engage in public  category  of working hard to  support  the family while women, on the other hand, fall in the category of child

Kantian and Utilitarian Essay Example for Free

Kantian and Utilitarian Essay Kant believed in an absolute moral law that he called the Categorical Imperative. It is this imperative that determines our duty. (2) Two formulations of this imperative can be used to determine the morally correct action that Alistair should choose. The first formulation, The Formula of Universal Law: Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law [of nature]. (2) Alistair has two possible maxims to act upon. These maxims, if it were universally applicable, are: â€Å"Anyone may lie in order to promote increasing human welfare† and â€Å"Everyone always tells the truth†. The first maxim is contradictory. If people had the option to lie, it negates the system of trust on which the world is built. When, for example, I put my money in the bank, I trust them to keep it safe. If the first maxim was universally accepted, I could not trust without reservation that the bank would keep my money safe because they would be able to give my money away if they felt it would increase the welfare of those less fortunate. If this was the case, there would be widespread mistrust and, ironically, it would have a negative impact on human welfare. The second maxim is universally applicable and is thus, according to Kant, the maxim on which to act upon. The second formulation, The Formula of the End in Itself: â€Å"So act as to treat humanity, both in your own person, and in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means. †(2) If Alistair were to withhold the truth about the bribery, he denies the rationality of the board and denies that there is any rational action for them to perform. He denies them the option to rationally make a decision on what to do about the situation. In doing this he is using the board merely as a means to ensure the delivery of the medicine. According to Kant, for Alistair to use the board as a means in themselves, he would have to tell the truth. According to Kant’s theory, the action of ignoring the bribe fails the first and second formulation of the Categorical Imperative, thus the right thing to do would be to tell the truth to the board of directors. Utalitarian Theory Looking back at the case study it is clear that, on the one hand, people are receiving inexpensive kits of medicine, the drivers don’t get shot and the reputation of the relief organisation and the director is still intact. On the other hand, the board doesn’t know about the bribery, thus the unethical activity cannot be put to a stop. Utilitarianism is a theory based on consequences, not the action leading to the consequence. This theory holds that we should choose those actions that would result in the greatest amount of good in the interest of the greatest number of people affected by our actions. 1)(4) The â€Å"good† is anything that, directly or indirectly, brings happiness or pleasure. (4) The consequences of each particular action is considered to determine which outcome will best serve the greater good. (3) Act Utilitarianism prescribes that every situation be evaluated independently. The action that leads to the greatest net outcome of utility is then c onsidered to be the correct choice. According to this theory, Alistair should choose the action that will maximise happiness and minimise unhappiness. Alistair has two possible choices with two different consequences. The first is that Alistair tells the truth about the bribery. The possible outcome of his choice are the following: the drivers stop receiving cash and get shot, the contract is terminated and the less fortunate stop receiving their medicine, the director in charge of the contract is fired, and the relief organisation suffers great embarrassment. These are all negative effects and cause great unhappiness. On the other hand, the happiness of the board is increased because they can put a stop to more unethical activity. The second choice that Alistair has to consider is to keep silent and overlook the bribe. This would lead to the situation staying the same (as stated in the case study) and would secure the happiness of the greater good which include: the director, the relief organisation, the drivers and the people receiving the medicine. The board of directors would not know about the bribe, so there would be no unhappiness to consider. Considering the consequences of both actions, the happiness of the greater good is maximised when Alistair keeps silent.

Alphagan P Essays -- Drugs, Treating Glaucoma

There has been a new step in science leading towards evolution. Alphagan P has been recognized as the next leading pharmaceutical in treating Glaucoma. It is gentle to the ocular surface, unlike other medications which can harm it. Alphagan P provides IOP lowering which is comparable to beta blocker, but is without the adverse affects that most other medications cause. It is an alpha-2 agonist, which is a class of drugs that bind to and stimulate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, causing responses comparable to those of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Alphagan was first introduced in 1996. The latest generation of â€Å"adrenergic agonist† is thrity times more selective for alpha 2 receptors than apraclonidine. Because of its selectivity, it does not include the alpha 1 side effects that affect the heart and blood pressure. The most significant side effects are drowsiness, a dry mouth, and fatigue. There is also surface irritation, with about â€Å"7 to 15 percent of patients experiencing allergic conjunctivitis. Alphagan has stayed popular since it first came out despite its side effects. What should you know about Alphagan P before using it? Make sure to not use brimonidine ophthalmic (Alphagan P) if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) within the past 2 weeks. Inform your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, heart disease, circulation problems such as Raynaud's or Buerger's disease, high blood pressure, have a history of fainting or low blood pressure. Make sure to not use the medication if you use contact lenses because the medication contains a preservative that can be absorbed by soft contact lenses. If ... ...wing through with their education. Studies are now being done to further investigate this occurrence. Although Alphagan P has a list of adverse reactions reported, it is still the most used medication used to treat patients with Glaucoma. Many clinical studies have been done on the drug since it came out in 1996, and further enhancements have been made since. Works Cited Osborne, S., Montgomery, D., Morris, D., & McKay, I. (2005). Alphagan allergy may increase the propensity for multiple eye-drop allergy. Eye, 19(2), 129-137. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701441 Bowman, R. C., Cope, J. J., & Nischal, K. K. (2004). Ocular and systemic side effects of brimonidine 0.2% eye drops (Alphagan ®) in children. Eye, 18(1), 24-26. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700520 ALPHAGAN P: THE NEXT STEP IN THE EVOLUTION OF GLAUCOMA THERAPY. (2003). Review of Ophthalmology, 10(9), 8.

A comparison of the contemporary labour and conservative parties in britain

The long history of political rivalry in Great Britain has always been between the Conservative and Labour Parties. National leaders who were representative of both come and go in the same way as the popularity of both parties rise and fall over decades.Labor Party’s Tony Blair was able to bring back the party into the limelight where it was previously before 1970s. Its close rival party, the Conservatives has enjoyed the prestige during the seventies when the Labour Party made countless mistakes, or shall we say unsound decisions on labor issues and policies.CNN News called that particular labor issue as the party’s â€Å"tailspin† which includes Labor-spending policies, which brought Britain to an economic situation where it shamefully needs to seek for the assistance of the World Bank through a bailout loan (Blystone, Richard). A year called â€Å"Winter of Discontent† which ran from 1978 to 1979 turned the popularity of the Labour Party upside down. Th e worst thing that could ever happen as a consequence of the yearlong discontent was to lose the seat in the next election.The Labour Party was losing support as more and more people go to the streets and join rallies. That year, there were about 4.6 million workers to go on strike causing the British economy around 29 million workdays. Part of the protests against the Labour government was to let their garbage remain uncollected in the streets which indicate that no one would want to go out work during those days.In 1980, the Labour Party’s fear of losing the election came as had never been expected after rumblings of discontent with William Hague's leadership. Margaret Thatcher of the Conservative Party beat the Labour’s representative in the national elections. It was also important to mention that the Conservative Party won a majority of 33 seats in the Parliament. After Thatcher’s victory, the Labour Party did not have any chance of winning over the Conserv atives for 18 years.Thatcher was the first woman in the British political party who work hand in hand with John Powell to bring the Conservative Party into a strong political party after losing in the 1974 elections. Conservatives have also undergone erratic relationships within the party, members come and go and move to and from other parties especially on cases where there are major disagreements in its member. With Powell and Thatcher, things got better this time. Their strategy to bring back the popularity of the Conservatives was to take the opportunity to win the hearts and trust of the people during the â€Å"Winter of Discontent†.They made use of the media to make people believe that the government should not in any way have an involvement in the social and economic matters. â€Å"Thatcher constructed a new social base of support for her party that came less from the traditional conservatives' backers, the upper classes and landed gentry, than from the middle classes and skilled workers who felt increasingly discontent and unrepresented by the traditional policies and orientations of the two major political parties† (Rasmussen, et.al. 1995).Thatcher’s gained popularity through the Conservative Party enabled her to win the 1979 elections first, because of the discontent of the people on labor issues the year before the elections. Second, it might have been because the people wanted another leader outside the Labour government since the latter was not able to make labour concerns a priority in running their government. Lastly, the British have known Thatcher as directly opposed to the labour ideas of the Labour government and of course a campaign have promised the people to have such labor disputes a priority in the next elections which they won.Thatcher was a witty leader in his own right. She won the 1983 elections after having it scheduled at the time when victory over Falkland Islands against Argentina was still fresh. Timely wit h the British economic growth, Thatcher still swept the 1987 elections which let her stay in power until 1990.   But Thatcher failed to bring the Conservatives back in power in the 1990 elections. Although Thatcher was undoubtedly popular at that time, and that Thatcher was known for her sound leadership in dealing with the internal conflicts within her own party, John Major brought her down this time.There were issues which attributed Thatcher’s lost of support from her own party because of her hesitation to support European integration. In this regard, Thatcher compromised her political position when she directly opposed to the general opinion of the British people towards the integration.One more thing was the Thatcher’s poll tax which taxed registered voters to replace property taxes collected by local councils and which was widely viewed as regressive by taxing the lower income strata more heavily than the upper classes. With the leadership of John Major, the is sue of poll tax was little by little eradicated.

Reflection practice Essay

Reflection practice is an approach that allows practitioners to understand how they use their knowledge in realistic situations and how they mix action and learning in a more successful manner (Henderson, 2002). Kondrat (2004) claims that the aim of critical reflection is to be conscious of the influence of the subject self in relations to prejudices so that such prejudices may be reduced or removed. However, Smith (2002: 138) argues that â€Å"for reflection to be critical it need to also embrace the capacity to consider social structures and power relationships analytically and apply this analysis in practice†. This assignment aim at researching the benefits and challenges of reflection in work practice by reflecting on an incident at work and examine what went wrong and what went well (see appendix 1). It will evaluate my progress about how I used reflection to develop professional practice after an incident. It will also assess how feedback from manager and colleagues may help me to maintain my continuing professional development. see more:the different ways that people may react to receiving constructive feedback According to Taylor and Beverly (2000) reflection is a significant human activity in which people recall their experiences, think about it, ponder over, evaluate it; and it is this working with experience that is important in learning. Du Gay (2005) claims that we learn through critical reflection by putting ourselves into the experiences and exploring personal and theoretical knowledge to understand it and view it in different ways. However, Swan (2008) argues that it may be hard to reflect in work practice due to time constraint and lack of understanding about how to reflect. Swan (2008) further argues that others practitioners may not be motivated enough in finding time to reflect. However, Taylor (2000) proposes that improved self-awareness, though not the principle reason for reflection, may create important changes in normal reactions to challenging clinical circumstances that may affect a beneficial change in the outcome observed. As a health and social care practitioner I appreciate that reflection offers a number of benefits such as improvement in practice and in patient service. Improved self-knowledge may offer this additional benefit, as contending with the behaviour of persons in strange circumstances outlines an important part of health care practitioners Taylor (2000). Wilkin (2002), Paget (2001)  and Taylor (2000) cited in Hayden, (2005) agree with the notion that reflection allows practitioners to broaden themselves intellectually and improves their professional role especially when pressure is wielded to behave more technically. However, Smith and Jack (2005) argue that practitioners need to be aware of personal advantages, improved self-awareness and improved confidence in progressing professional development as it may affect how they relate with patient. In relation to my individual learning plan (ILP) as identified in appendix one I have encountered problem such as involving colleagues and my manager in giving me feedback. This may be because of work demands placed on my manager and change in staff structure due to an incident which occurred in work. Therefore I had to reconsider using a diary to record activities identified in ILP and record of incident; this meant that I can only rely on my own feedback and the understanding of my work practise in order to achieve the best possible outcome. According to Boud (2000) health and social care professionals often work one on one with service users who may be experiencing various levels of emotional distress. Young and Henquinet (2000) claim that more than half of challenging behaviour occurs in social services and health care settings, therefore safety is paramount. Boud (2000) claims that it is vital that professionals and service users do not exist in blankness, as both parties are influenced by societal, community and organizational behaviour this is supported by Bronfebrenner’s theory (Adams, 2007). Smith (2002) states that these factors may impact on service users’ relationship and interactions therefore a key skill is needed to work in partnership with service users. When the service user went absent without authorised leave I had to respond immediately as it was apparent that I was the only person with sufficient knowledge. Having experience this before and knowing my work practice procedures on missing person prompted me to react as I did as identified in Schon (1991) reflection in action. Smith (2002) further argues that to attain this, it is essential for  professionals to be able to make logic of their practice, and to understand their involvement in therapeutic functioning. This was evident in my practice as I had to support other service users who were in distress and also I had to write an incident report whilst offering re- assurance. This was challenging as I am working as part of a small team which meant that I had to carry some of the task individually. However, being part of a small team meant that I was able to interact and communicate more easily with peers and gained their sense of commitment level as pointed out by (Young and Henquinet 2000). Northouse (2004) states that ethics in a small teams are important because as team progress through the decision-making or problem-solving process, several questions may arise that may need to be dealt with and the people’s behaviour or actions surrounds the communication process. Engleberg and Wynn (2003) suggest that staff member or team members need to consider how their verbal and nonverbal communication and listening skills may affect how they construct and construe these messages. Fujishin, (2007) argues that communicating in an unethical way may include misrepresenting a position or stance on a topic, and pretending to be informed about a topic. Fujishin, (2007) suggests that to avoid this staff member should not keep back information from other members and should be truthful when sharing information. As a practitioner I am morally required to contemplate the likely benefit or harm that may result if I chose to do nothing in a given situation. My actions matched my belief in the human rights to be safe and contribute to decision making and information sharing (Beidler and Dickey 2001). Controlled reflection may thus be an instrument to help professionals’ gain better understanding not only into professional practice but into their working relationship with service users Bould (2000). Gaining better knowledge and understanding into reflection is not new, Schon (1999) in Adams et al (2009) defines reflection in action as an approach taken by practitioners in work setting to instantly restructure and adjust their practice. However, Crisp and Green (2002) argue that uncontrolled reflection may not generate theory or understanding. Nevertheless, the practitioner who  is able to reflect on a situation, make sense of what happened and coherent the process and variables involved may create a better understanding of the situation and of theory. Another way of making sense of circumstances that affect us together individually and professionally is through organised reflective writing. The method of reflection does not have to be written, however Seymour (2003) and Ullrich et al (2002) suggest that more understanding may be gained if writing is involved as it may allow the professionals to structure opinions and reminiscences more subjectively. Ullrich and Lutgendorf (2002) also claim that it may also provide a lasting record for other professionals to access in future. In work setting I had to keep record and times of incident this is refer to as incident report. Lindeman (2000) claims that writing an incident report allows practitioners to learn about individuals, organisation and others. For instance, I have learnt a lot about different agencies that gets involved when a service user is reported missing. I have also learnt about the importance of keeping accurate conversation records. Duffy (2000) proposes that the process of reflective writing may offer time to reflect properly and make sense of happenings that may have affected work practice. Nonetheless, without a clear outline it may be problematic to know in what way or what to reflect upon. Burton (2000) argues that this is particularly applicable to trainee reflective professionals. Furthermore, Brennan and Hutt (2001) argue that another additional likely risk is that professionals only reflect upon circumstances that they perceive as gone wrong. Taylor (2000) states that in this case reflective writing then becomes possibly negative and not useful if left unstructured or un- facilitated. This was apparent common in my work practice as staff focused more on the negative of the incident instead of encouraging the use of positive. McCabe (2004) suggest that it is the duty of the experienced practitioner to question the practice of another if they believe inappropriate treatment may harm or be negative to service user. It was extremely difficult to challenge my colleagues about their negative comments this may be because they have  been in my work practice longer than me. McCabe (2004) argues that health practitioners may feel uncomfortable due to uncertainty in their work practice. Conversely, Paget (2001) argues that service user’s best interest must be conserved all the time even if conflict should arise. According to Joyce (2005) common difficulties with using reflective journals involve procrastination, fading, eagerness, and also reluctance or lack of ability to reflect. Reflective diaries or periodicals may be an effectual tool for self – assessment and development of reflective skill, specifically reflection on practice (Joyce, 2005). The skill of reflective writing may be advanced either through working separate or within peer groups. Teekman (2000) believes that record keeping is part of showing consistency and caring about service user’s outcome. Caring is also paramount in health and social care, I feel strongly about this belief and try to practise continuously. Ritz (2009) cited in Ritz and Weissleder, (2009) proposes that writing and thinking goes together when developing critical skills. According to Wilkie and Burn (2003) Health and social care have a spoken culture in which practitioners have restricted chances to develop critical, analytical skills through writing. I found it easy to use diary this may be due to the time I spent writing incident report. However, getting feedback from my colleagues proofed difficult as they had different views about giving me feedback. This may be due to what they perceive as of importance as pointed out by Bowers and Jinks (2004). In conclusion reflecting about incident at work has been self- empowering and has provided me with a perception into personal understanding and control (McCabe 2004). This reflection has recognised the opinions, hindrances associated with working in Health and social care (HSC) practice. Additionally, it has also shown that the present-day premise of HSC is multifaceted. However using Schon’s context does aim to reveal the insufficiencies of a positivist attitude to knowledge and practice and this may result to new understandings (Teekman, 2000). Consequently, it is essential that the professional is allowed to reflect critically on practice  so as to improve and extend knowledge and eventually the quality of service and care provided to service users. Reflective writing has helped me to cope with critical incident at work and I feel like I can pass this tool to my work colleagues. References Adam R, Dominelli L, and Payne, M (2009) social work themes, issues and critical debates(3rd ed). Basingstoke: Palgrave. Boud, D. (2000) Sustainable Assessment Rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in Continuing Education. 22: 151-167. Bowers S. J. and Jinks A. M.( 2004) Issues surrounding professional portfolio development for nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 13 (3): 155-159 Brennam A.M. and Hutt R. (2001) the challenges and conflicts of facilitating learning in practice the experience of the clinical nurse educators nurse in practice 1(4) :181-188. Bulman C, and Schutz S. (2004) Reflective Practice in Nursing (3rd ed) Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Burton A. J,.(2000) reflection nursing ‘s practice and education panacea . Journal of Advanced Nursing 31: 10009-1017. Crisp, B.R. and Green L. P. (2002). Assessments methods in social work education A review of the literature social work education 21: 259-269. Demmke, C, Hammerschmid, G, Meyer, RE (2006) Decent ralisation and Accountability as a Focus of Public Administration Modernisation: Challenges and Consequences for Human Resource Management. Maastricht/Brussels: EIPA Duff, L,.(2000) from rote to reflection an incredible Learning Journey Canadian Nurse 96(7) 30-33. Du Gay, P (2005) The Values of Bureaucracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Engleberg, I. N., & Wynn, D. R. (2003). Working in groups: Communication principles and strategies (3rd ed.). Boston, Houghton Mifflin Fisher, K (2003) Demystifying critical reflection: Defining criteria for assessment. Higher Education Research & Development 22(3): 313–325. Fujishin, R. (2007).Creating effective groups: The art of small group communication (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Hayden, K S. (2005) Critical incident A nurses personal reflection. Pro quest nursing & Allied health source (15):329. Henderson, GM (2002) Transformative learning as a condition for transformational change in organizations. Human Resource Development Review 1(2): 186–214. Joyce P.(2005) A framework for portfolio development in postgraduate nursing practice. Journal for Clinical Nursing,14(4) :456-463. Kondrat, M. E, . (2004) ‘Who is the â€Å"Self † in Self-Aware: Professional Self-Awareness from a Critical Theory Perspective’, Social Service Review 3(4): 451–77. Lindeman C. A. (2000) the future of nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education 39:5-12. McCabe, C (2004) Nurse patient communication an exploration of patients experience. Journal of clinical Nursing 13 (1): 45-54 McCutcheon, H. and Pincombe J. (2001) Intuition an important tool in the practice of nursing. Journal of advanced Nursing. 35(3) :342-348. Paget T(2001) reflective practice and clinical outcomes pracitioners views on how reflective practice has influenced their clinical practice. Journal of clinical Nursing. 10(2): 204-214. Parton, N and O’Byrne, Pk (2000) Constructive Social Work. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Ritz A, Weissleder, M (2009) Management development in public administration. In Thom N, Zaugg RJ (eds) Modern personnel development. Wiesbaden: Gabler, pp. 371–394. Ritz, A (2009) Public service motivation and organizational performance in Swiss federal government. International Review of Administrative Sciences 75(1): 53–78. Rogers, R (2001) Reflection in higher education: A concept analysis. Innovative Higher Education. 26(1): 37–57. Seymour, B,. Kinn, S,. and Sutherland N,. (2003) Valuing both critical and creative thinking in clinical practice narrowing the research practice gap. Journal of advanced Nursing 42: 288- 296. Smith, A,. and Jack K,. (2005) Reflective practice a meaning task for students nursing standard 19 (26): 33-37. Smith, S. (2002) ‘What Works for Whom: The Link between Process and Outcome in Effectiveness Research’, Australian Social Work 55(2). Swan, E,. (2008) Let’s not get too personal: Critical reflection, reflexivity and the confessional turn. Journal of European Industrial Training 32(5): 385–399. Taylor, Beverly J. (2000) Reflective Practice: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. St Leonards,Australia: Allen and Unwin. Taylor B.J. (2000) Reflective practice A guide for nurses and midwives. Open University Press, Maidenhead. Teekman, B. (2000) Exploring reflective thinking in nursing practice. Journal of advanced nursing 31(5): 1122-1135. Thorpe, K (2004) Reflective learning journals: From concept to practice. Reflective Practice 5(3): 327–343. Ullrich P. M. and Lutgendorf S. K,. (2002) Journaling about stressful events effects of cognitive processing and emotional expression. Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 24 : 244-250. van der Meer, F, Marks, P (2013) Teaching and learning reflection in MPA programmes: Towards a strategy. Teaching Public Administration 31(1): this issue. Wilkie K. and Burn I. (2003) Problem based Learning A handbook for Nurses. Palgrave MacMillan Basingstoke. Wilkin K (2002) Exploring expert practice through reflection nursing in critical care. 7(2) :88-93 Young, C. B., & Henquinet, J. A. (2000). A conceptual framework for designing group projects.Journal of Education for Business, 76, 56–60.

Free Essays on The Patriot

â€Å"The Patriot† starts in South Carolina in 1776. The movie is a family’s story about what they went through during the American Revolution. Mel Gibson stars as Benjamin who was a hero at Fort Wilderness during the French and Indian War, and a widower with seven children. Benjamin is part of the assembly in South Carolina. Benjamin is a respected man in the south because of the role he played in the battle at Fort Wilderness. In the beginning of the movie Benjamin tells his family they are going to Charleston because the South Carolina assembly is meeting there. While they are in Charleston they stay with their aunt Charlotte. Gabriel, Benjamin’s oldest son, decides to sign up with the militia to fight against the British for independence. Benjamin gets angry and they return home. A few moths later Gabriel writes his younger brother Thomas and tells him what is going on in the war. In Gabriel’s letter he writes about the fall of Charlestown to the British under command of Lord Cornwallis. Gabriel says that the north is also not doing well due to starvation and low moral. Gabriel ends his letter saying he is about to march south to fight the â€Å"red coats.† One night Gabriel shows up at the house wounded, while the â€Å"red coats† and â€Å"rebels† are fighting very near their home. Once the battle is over and the day breaks there are wounded British soldiers and Be njamin’s family helps them. One Lieutenant in the British army finds a letter that was to go to the American troops. Gabriele was carrying this letter. The Lieutenant asks where it came from and Gabriele steps up and says that it was he, and that the family was only caring for him because he was wounded. The Lieutenant figures out that Gabriele is Benjamin’s son; he then tells his men to tie him up and take him away. Thomas the second oldest sees this and gets scared. He tries to push the British soldiers away that are holding Gabriel and the lieutenant shoots ... Free Essays on The Patriot Free Essays on The Patriot â€Å"The Patriot† starts in South Carolina in 1776. The movie is a family’s story about what they went through during the American Revolution. Mel Gibson stars as Benjamin who was a hero at Fort Wilderness during the French and Indian War, and a widower with seven children. Benjamin is part of the assembly in South Carolina. Benjamin is a respected man in the south because of the role he played in the battle at Fort Wilderness. In the beginning of the movie Benjamin tells his family they are going to Charleston because the South Carolina assembly is meeting there. While they are in Charleston they stay with their aunt Charlotte. Gabriel, Benjamin’s oldest son, decides to sign up with the militia to fight against the British for independence. Benjamin gets angry and they return home. A few moths later Gabriel writes his younger brother Thomas and tells him what is going on in the war. In Gabriel’s letter he writes about the fall of Charlestown to the British under command of Lord Cornwallis. Gabriel says that the north is also not doing well due to starvation and low moral. Gabriel ends his letter saying he is about to march south to fight the â€Å"red coats.† One night Gabriel shows up at the house wounded, while the â€Å"red coats† and â€Å"rebels† are fighting very near their home. Once the battle is over and the day breaks there are wounded British soldiers and Be njamin’s family helps them. One Lieutenant in the British army finds a letter that was to go to the American troops. Gabriele was carrying this letter. The Lieutenant asks where it came from and Gabriele steps up and says that it was he, and that the family was only caring for him because he was wounded. The Lieutenant figures out that Gabriele is Benjamin’s son; he then tells his men to tie him up and take him away. Thomas the second oldest sees this and gets scared. He tries to push the British soldiers away that are holding Gabriel and the lieutenant shoots ...

German to Englilsh Cooking Glossary - Kochglossar

German to Englilsh Cooking Glossary - Kochglossar Whats more authentic than learning to cool a German Chocolate Cake using a recipe written in German? Cooks and bakers can use this German-English glossary that focuses on terms found in recipes and food preparation. It includes terms for instructions and measures as well as ingredients. If you are exploring a German recipe, you should keep this handy to interpret ingredients and measures into English. Kochglossar (Cooking Glossary) Key: Noun gender: r (der, masc.), e (die, fem.), or s (das, neu.) adj. adjective, v. verb A abkà ¼hlen v. cool off, cool down abseihen v. strain, sieve (Aus., S. Ger.) s Auftragen serving (up) vor dem Auftragen before serving aufkochen v. bring to a boil aufschlagen v. beat, whip (aus)quellen lassen v. let expand, rise ausrollen v. roll out (dough) ausstechen v. cut/press out (with a cookie cutter) B s Backfett / Pflanzenfett shortening e Backform baking dish, tin r Backofen (baking) oven im vorgeheizten Backofen in a preheated oven s Backpulver baking powder, baking soda (s Natron) s Backrohr oven bei 180 Grad at 180 degrees (Celsius, 356 degrees  Fahrenheit) bestreuen v. sprinkle (on) Bltter slices (nuts, etc.; Mandelbltter sliced almonds) s Blech/Backblech baking tray, pan r Brà ¶sel / r Semmelbrà ¶sel breading, crumbs C r Champignon mushroom (for cooking) s Chinin quinine e Creme cream, mousse, sauce e Cremetorte cream cake cremig creamy etw cremig rà ¼hren / schlagen to stir/beat until creamy D s Dekagramm decagram, 10 grams (Austria) direkt gepresst (Orangensaft)  fresh-squeezed (orange juice) direkt gepresster Orangensaft  fresh-squeezed orange juice r Direktsaft  fresh-squeezed (orange) juice E s Eigelb egg yolk drei Eigelb the yolks of three eggs s Eiklar egg white s Eiweiß egg white drei Eiweiß / Eiklar the whites of three eggs EL tablespoon (see below) r Esslà ¶ffel (EL) tablespoon gestrichener Esslà ¶ffel level tablespoon gehufter Esslà ¶ffel heaped/heaping tablespoon r Estragon tarragon F e Flà ¼ÃƒÅ¸igkeit liquid, fluid e Fritteuse deep fryer frittieren to deep fry e Frittà ¼re deep fryer G s Gefß vessel, bowl, container gemahlen adj ground (up) - mahlen to grind gerieben adj. grated abgeriebene Schale einer Zitrone grated lemon peel geriebener Kse grated cheese geschlt adj. peeled gestrichen level(ed) gestrichener Esslà ¶ffel level tablespoon s Gewà ¼rz (-e) seasoning(s), spice(s) Estragon tarragon Knoblauch garlic Kà ¼mmel caraway Lorbeerblatt bay leaf Schnittlauch chives e Gewà ¼rznelke(n)/Nelke(n) clove(s) e Glasur glazing, icing r Grad degree(s) s Gramm gram 250 Gramm Mehl 250 grams of flour r Guss (Zuckerguss) (sugar) glazing, icing H e Hlfte half (of) heiß hot r Herd range, stove (cooking) Elektroherd electric stove Gasherd gas stove I r Ingwer ginger (spice) K kalt cold r Kardamom cardamom, cardamon (a type of ginger spice) kneten v. knead (dough) kochen v. boil, cook s Kochbuch cook book r Kochlà ¶ffel wooden spoon r Koriander coriander, cilantro, Chinese parsley (seasoning) e Kuvertà ¼re (chocolate) covering, icing L s Lachsmesser (smoked) salmon knife e Lachsmousse salmon mousse lieblich moderately sweet (wine) r Là ¶ffel spoon r Lorbeer bay leaf (seasoning)   M die Mandel (Mandeln) almond(s) Mandelbltter sliced almonds mahlen v. grind fein / grob mahlen grind finely / coarsely gemahlen (adj) ground e Masse mixture s Mehl flour e Messerspitze (Msp.) knife tip, a pinch of... Msp. knife tip, a pinch of... r Muskat nutmeg N s Natron baking soda, bicarbonate of soda e Nelke(n) / Gewà ¼rznelke(n) clove(s) O e Oblate (-n) wafer s Ãâ€"l (-e) oil (s Olivenà ¶l olive oil) s Orangeat (-e) candied orange peel P Palmin Softâ„ ¢ (brand name) a Crisco-like shortening e Panade coating of breadcrumbs (for frying) panieren to bread (for frying) paniert breaded s Paniermehl breading, bread crumbs s Pektin pectin s Pflanzenfett / Backfett shortening s Pfund pound (metric: 500 g, 1.1 U.S. pounds) zwei Pfund Kartoffeln two pounds (1kg) of potatoes e Prise dash (approx. 1 gram) eine Prise Salz a dash of salt r Puderzucker powdered sugar R rà ¼hren v. stir, mix s Rà ¼hrgert mixer, mixing machine S r Saft juice e Schale peel (orange, lemon) r Schnee meringue (e Meringe) r Schneebesen whisk verquirlen v. to whisk, beat seihen v. to strain, sieve (Austria, S. Ger.) r Seiher sieve, strainer, colander (Austria, S. Ger.) Semmelbrà ¶sel (pl.) breading, crumbs (Austria, S. Ger.) s Sieb sieve, sifter, strainer, colander durch ein Sieb streichen strain, sift, press through a sieve sieben to sift, strain e Speisestrke cornstarch, cornflour, thickening agent s Strkemehl cornstarch, cornflour r Strkezucker glucose streichen v. press, rub; spread (butter, etc.) T r Teelà ¶ffel teaspoon gestrichener Teelà ¶ffel level teaspoon gehufter Teelà ¶ffel heaped/heaping teaspoon r Teig dough, mixture der Germteig yeast dough (Austria) der Hefeteig yeast dough den Teig gehen lassen let the dough rise e Terrine terrine, soup tureen TL teaspoon (see above) U à ¼berbacken au gratin (baked over) unbehandelt natural, organic eine unbehandelte Limette a natural lime (untreated with pesticides, etc.) unterheben to fold in (ingredients) unter Zugabe von... while adding... V e Vanillestange vanilla pod r Vanillezucker vanilla-flavored sugar verfeinern v. refine verquirlen v. to whisk, beat until foamy vorgeheizt preheated im vorgeheizten Backofen in a preheated oven W s Wasserbad double boiler im Wasserbad in a double boiler wiegen, abwiegen v. weigh wà ¼rzen v. season, add seasoning/spices Z ziehen v. steep, simmer, marinade s Ziehfett/Pflanzenfett shortening (Crisco Palmin Soft) r Zimt cinnamon e Zitrone (-n) lemon(s) s Zitronat (-e) candied lemon peel, citron e Zubereitung preparation (directions) zusetzen v. add (to) e Zutat (Zutaten) ingredient(s)

12 Useful Apps for Administrative Assistants

12 Useful Apps for Administrative Assistants If you’re not a personal assistant- or even if you are- you could probably use one for yourself. It’s hard enough to function at your job and in your life without also struggling to keep your resolutions to be super organized this year. But what if you could have help?Did you know you can get a virtual assistant of your very own? Straight to your phone. They’re called SVPAs. You’ll still have to run your own errands, but you can get a little help with the other stuff- and you can yell at this assistant all you want.Here are some of the best.1. Google NowCalled â€Å"the intelligent personal assistant,† Google Now   is available for iOS, Android, and your desktop. It stays with you around the clock and organizes everything into customizable cards- weather, traffic, sports scores, favorite websites, etc. You’ll never see your life the same way again once you see it in all these neat packages.2. 24MeThis one functions kind of like a second bra in. Set yourself reminders for paying bills or other important deadlines and meetings. Sync all your to-do lists, notes, and calendar into one convenient app. It’s free, and currently one of the top 10 productivity apps on the App store.3. QuipThe best endorsement for this one might be that Mark Zuckerberg himself uses it. It’s just like the virtual office Facebook, Quora, and Instagram use, and allows users to collaborate, create, upload, and share documents- even edit them- as a team.4. WunderlistIf you’re a list person, this app is right up your alley. Make all the lists you want, then lump them all together in one sleek package and enjoy. You can even share your lists with family members or pals when you need to plan vacation packing lists or bucket lists.5. SpeaktoitIf you’d rather speak to your SVPA, like you do to Siri, then this app is for you. Speaktoit is like Siri, only its the the CEO version. You can make calls, search the internet for puppy photos, or find the closest dry cleaners. Just give it commands, and the app will remember your preferences for you. It can even answer questions about how best to sort your day.6. HootsuiteThis one is free, too, with paid subscription options available. It’s a desktop/phone tool that helps you update all of your social media platforms from one place. One app, multiple posts. You can even tailor which posts go to which media as you prefer.7. EvernoteAlso free! This app ends up on most people’s favorites lists. Capture, manage, store, and remember everything you need to. Evernote is also good search and sync capabilities.8. Call PleaseHBO producer Gregg Feinberg created this free app to be able to streamline the call log process, making one list for all team members. Never let any calls slip between the cracks again. And your manager will always know exactly what’s going on- and what calls they most urgently need to make.9. IFTTTâ€Å"If This Then That† le ts you make customized recipes based on what you have- and better yet, keeps them simple. Never be stuck without an idea of what to make for dinner again with this free app.10. TinyScanScan any document at any time anywhere and send it to your own email as a PDF. Youll never have to go to Staples again for your document management.11. DropboxOften undersung, this cloud storage program syncs between your computer and your phone. Your documents are securely backed up and accessible no matter where you are. Never be at a loss again in an off-site meeting when asked the location of a specific document.12. LogMeInThis app lets you have full access to your work computer- remotely. Open documents, launch applications basically, do anything you need to do.

Issues in International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Issues in International Management - Essay Example Concerning this aspect, the framework incorporates two vital aspects i.e. global integration of the value chain activities and manufacturing of products along with processes in correspondence with the needs of the local market (Cieri & et. al., 2005). In accordance with the context of IHRM, certain prevalent issues can be apparently observed that entail cultural diversity, people management and employee relation among others (Taylor, 2007). Keeping up with these issues, this essay intends to discuss about the various structures being followed by the MNCs/MNEs in order to mitigate the global challenges associated with the applicability of the IHRM. The essay will further discuss upon the IHRM designs been adopted by MNCs and the benefits associated with the structure being framed. Apart from this, the essay will also discuss about various strategies that pursue by the MNEs for global development. According to Howard Perlmutter’s theory, three patterns of MNCs can be reflected. In this regard, ethnocentric orientation reflects about the management intentions in employing national employees rather than non-native employees. In this respect, the management has the perception that the internal employees are capable of handling operations along with the issues pertaining to the international level. One of the advantages of such orientation is that the valued position is being occupied by the talented nationals rather than the external employees. Apart from this advantage, one of the drawbacks associated with this model is that the MNEs get deprive of practicing diversified culture. Furthermore, the MNEs also get deprive of knowledge from the external source, thereby facing the challenge of international short sightedness. This might create hurdle in mitigating the required global demands (Perlmutter, 2010). One such MNC, which can be apparently observed to comply with ethn ocentric orientation in the form of practicing diversified culture, is Hong Kong

Interview II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview II - Essay Example As the partner portfolio grows the task becomes more demanding. During the last 16 years this job has turned my hair grey. A. I have developed a team of 20 people that assists me and their efficiency sustains my position in the company. I pride myself in building an effective team and have confidence in their abilities. I encourage and support them in their endeavours and they too respect me as their leader. I work late hours as well as on weekends and when needed they put in extra time as well. We complement each other in every way. This attitude is the reason of my success. A. I look up to my best friend and boss Dr. Yang who is both a friend and mentor. We have been together for 20 years now. He trusts my decisions and appreciates my sense of humour. He has contributed the most to make me a competent Leader that I am today and I respect him for this. A. My ethical challenge is to be a role model for my young son. I wish I could spend more time with him and my family. I do appreciate and place high value on their understanding and unflinching support for me and my work. He is a very frank person and outspoken in praise of his boss, co-workers and his family. He believes in hard work and in total commitment to his job. However his job does not leave him enough time for his family. Collaboration and mutual respect are the building blocks of eminent leadership. A successful leader is one who respects opinions, creates a collaborative environment, builds teams, appreciates and encourages subordinates and takes inspirations from friends and superiors. The Leader has to work hard to set an example for the followers and to build bridges and confidence between team members irrespective of their positions. This paves the way for a collaborative environment that fosters easy and open communications. For any organization communications, both within and beyond are necessary for smooth functioning and for realization of the corporate vision and

Catch me if you can Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Catch me if you can - Essay Example The movie became very popular and was highly appraised by the critics and general public. The movie portrayed the biographical account of Abagnale so skilfully that he also reacted very positively towards the movie (Abagnale, et al, p165). The movie tells the miseries and inner struggle of the children of the broken house and somehow attempts to create sympathetic attitude towards a crook. The director insists that one must look at the genius side of the criminal however, he clarifies that he never meant to influence the career decisions of people by showing them a way. The movie tells about the gifted skills and confidence of a person who successfully played different roles and people failed to realize his tricks until he grabbed millions of dollars from them. His experiences allow him learning how to become a master forger by using his talent and skills (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie beautifully and attractively depicts the true story of Abagnale who currently works as a consult ant on preventing forgery and has assist the authorities in designing secure checking system so that the cases of false identify based fraud and other crimes could be prevented. FBI Agent Carl Hanratty realized that rather putting him in jail for his frauds it would be better to use his talent and skills for the prevention of the crimes and in this way he used his capabilities to overall good of the society. The movie talks about different ways through which a person could take advantages of the flaws in the security and operating system of organizations and society and could steal money from the people. The movie is directly related with the business law because it talks about the ways a person broke the laws in the corporate world and later became helping hand to prevent such incidents on the basis of his deep observations and skills. He spent less than five years in the jail and was released in the condition to help federal authorities in fighting against the frauds and scam arti sts (Abagnale and Redding, et al, p165) The business laws and cases also inform about the situations where any person could find a way to commit fraud. The law clearly talks about the people involved in the monitory frauds through false identities (Frank et al, p148). There are different punishments decided for such people based upon the level and severity of their fraud. However, the law also allows the authorities to decide if they can also make positive use of the talent and skills of the forger through agreement that they will help the authorities in fighting against crime and will use their skills in constructive manner to prevent crime rather becoming part of a fraud (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie indicates the need of making business laws more strict and flawless so that the people having the skills of taking up false identities could not become successful in deceiving the authorities and general public. The movie tells the true tale of a person and gives lesson to the gen eral public, corporates and authorities that there is possibility of occurrence of such crimes around them so it is very important to remain careful in checking the identities of the people so that anyone could not betray their confidence by playing false identity (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie is directly connected with the matters related with business laws and affirms that there is need of updating the business laws regularly so that no one can find an open door left behind to enter the

Unit 7&8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unit 7 - Essay Example ingers and magicked things into existence makes the beauty and wonder of the Earth and the rest of our universe little more than a cheap conjuring trick† (Barnett, 2001, par. 14). He concluded that those who believe in the omnipotent power of a religious being as the creator of all things belittle the intelligence of the rest of mankind through the sheer disregard for the natural evolution of life. An atheist proclaims their total disbelief in any of the thousands of deities that millions of other people sincerely believe in. Atheism is total freedom from religious affiliations, values and beliefs. In this regard, atheists, like believers in other religions, respect the rights of others. Each person is entitled to his or her own beliefs. There is always a line between being a religious devotee and that of being a fanatic. The important thing to consider is respecting each other’s personal and religious orientations and beliefs. The evolution of domestic terrorism in the United States could be traced since the Civil War through the Vietnam War until contemporary times. A comprehensive report was written by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, one of the primary institutions in the country which is actively involved in studying terrorist activities. Their report entitled â€Å"Terrorism in the United States† was written to review and assess domestic terrorism in the United States within a thirty year period starting 1980s until 1999. The period under study revealed a drastic decrease in the frequency of domestic terrorist attacks as compared to levels recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. â€Å"Approximately 641 terrorist incidents occurred in the United States between 1971 and June 1975. Among these attacks were 166 bombings, 120 fire bombings, and 118 shootings.† (Terrorism in the United States, 1999, 29). From 1980 to 1999, of total terrorist attacks of 457, there were 321 bombings, 21 assassinations and 16 arson – with domestic terrorist attacks numbering 322

Georges Coffee- Business Development Strategies Essay

Georges Coffee- Business Development Strategies - Essay Example The management of George's coffee has some different ideas for the promotion of their business in an extremely competitive industry. Some of their plans and strategies to cope with the competition include using Electronic mailing as a method to boost their sales through methods such as e-marketing (direct marketing), setting up an E-brochure for ready reference. The main objective of the study is to identify methods which are suitable for Geroge's coffee which can enhance the chances of their success in a competitive field. It is imperative that the methods suggested shall yield results for a longer period of time and hence they should have time relevance. Every new business or business units, however,big they are before starting or venturing into a new business or expanding naturally goes for a market feasibility study. In other words, a market feasibility study allows them to understand important factors such as their own Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and threats, also by co nducting a market feasibility study they can understand the external business environment as such. We know the business environment is very fluid in nature and the market situations as well as the market requirements tend to vary from time to time. In order to reap rich dividends the management has to understand the scope or the extent of usage of the methods suggested. ... The business requirements for George's coffee in terms of plans and strategies to survive the heat are: Internal requirements: i. Sound supply chain mechanisms which are cost effective, innovative and sustainable for a long time. ii. Development of a strong and unyielding distribution network for easy distribution. iii. Use of electronic services for enhanced performance. External requirements: i. The methods developed shall flexible enough to accommodate changes as per the requirements of the organization. ii. The methods have to designed in such a fashion that they can be used for a long time and reusable. iii. The methods have to be tested and re- tested again and again for better application and results. Scope of application: Inorder to reap rich dividends the management has to understand the scope or the extent of usage of the methods suggested. I'm a firm believer of the fact Business strategies are custom made and any method or application suggested for one particular business may or may not be applicable for another one. They are totally custom made as per the requirements of organizations. Hence the management has to understand the scope upto which the methods can be used extensively and for better results. Also the methods suggested can be time bound, so usage after a certain period of time after which the methods have to be reconfigured as per the market dynamics once again. Usage of obsolete methods may not yield effective results as such. Factors influencing the business development plans: There are several factors which can act as hindrances in the business development of George's coffee as such. Broadly we can

Unit 7&8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unit 7 - Essay Example ingers and magicked things into existence makes the beauty and wonder of the Earth and the rest of our universe little more than a cheap conjuring trick† (Barnett, 2001, par. 14). He concluded that those who believe in the omnipotent power of a religious being as the creator of all things belittle the intelligence of the rest of mankind through the sheer disregard for the natural evolution of life. An atheist proclaims their total disbelief in any of the thousands of deities that millions of other people sincerely believe in. Atheism is total freedom from religious affiliations, values and beliefs. In this regard, atheists, like believers in other religions, respect the rights of others. Each person is entitled to his or her own beliefs. There is always a line between being a religious devotee and that of being a fanatic. The important thing to consider is respecting each other’s personal and religious orientations and beliefs. The evolution of domestic terrorism in the United States could be traced since the Civil War through the Vietnam War until contemporary times. A comprehensive report was written by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, one of the primary institutions in the country which is actively involved in studying terrorist activities. Their report entitled â€Å"Terrorism in the United States† was written to review and assess domestic terrorism in the United States within a thirty year period starting 1980s until 1999. The period under study revealed a drastic decrease in the frequency of domestic terrorist attacks as compared to levels recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. â€Å"Approximately 641 terrorist incidents occurred in the United States between 1971 and June 1975. Among these attacks were 166 bombings, 120 fire bombings, and 118 shootings.† (Terrorism in the United States, 1999, 29). From 1980 to 1999, of total terrorist attacks of 457, there were 321 bombings, 21 assassinations and 16 arson – with domestic terrorist attacks numbering 322

Labor Productivity and Wage Rate in Different Countries Essay

Labor Productivity and Wage Rate in Different Countries - Essay Example Relative wage in a certain country is evaluated through comparison with the wage in another country. Furthermore, the differences in countries’ labor productivity levels are a crucial determinant of their relative wage differences. In this case, there is a ratio derived from the relative wages based on labor productivity levels in different countries. On the other hand, decreased productivity in a given country leads to a subsequent decrease in wages. For instance, the wage rates in various countries relative to America are the same as their productivity relative America. Moreover, according to Nir (7), there is a positive relationship between the real wage and labor productivity, which is explained through the economic theory. Therefore, holding other factors constant, workers’ output leads to increased compensation, which is increased wage rate. Workers in different countries around the world have been experiencing difficulties for the past decade. In fact, a global wage report from the International Labor Organizations indicated that growth of productivity exceeded the growth of real wage in numerous economies around the world for the period 1999 to 2007 (Economist.com, 1). For instance, the inflation reduced the purchasing power of worker with dormant wages in countries such as U.S and Japan. In this case, this left workers with significant problems despite the average growth of two percent in labor productivity during that period. In a country like Germany, the recession experienced during the year 2008 caused a decrease in the level of real wages, though there was an increase in the level of productivity (Economist.com, 1). There has been a more rapid increase in the level of labor productivity in various European countries compared to the rates of wages.  

Environmental Engineering Essay Example for Free

Environmental Engineering Essay It involves  waste water management  and  air pollution  control, recycling,  waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and  public health  issues as well as a knowledge of  environmental engineering law. It is a related study of environmental science. Main task of environmental engineers is to protect public health by protecting (from further degradation), preserving (the present condition of), and enhancing the environment. Some work of Environmental engineers: Conducts hazardous-waste management  studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Design municipal water supply and  industrial wastewater treatment  systems. Address environmental issues such as the effects of  acid rain,  global warming,  ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from  automobile exhausts  and  industrial sources. Environmental science  is an interdisciplinary  academic field  that integrates physical and biological sciences, (including but not limited to  Ecology,  Physics,  Chemistry,  Biology,  Soil Science,  Geology,  Atmospheric Science  and  Geography) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary  approach to the study of environmental systems. Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by the ff. ssues: (a)  Ã‚   the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems. (b)  Ã‚   the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation. (c)  Ã‚   the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Related areas of study: environmental studies   incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. 2. environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality. Components of Environmental Science: Ecology  is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists might investigate the relationship between a population of organisms and some physical characteristic of their environment, such as concentration of a chemical; or they might investigate the interaction between a two populations of different organisms through some symbiotic or competitive relationship. For example, an interdisciplinary analysis of an ecological system which is being impacted by one or more stressors might include several related environmental science fields. In an estuarine setting where a proposed industrial development could impact certain species by  water  and  air pollution,  biologists  would describe the flora and fauna,  chemists  would analyze the transport of water pollutants to the marsh,  physicists  would calculate  air pollution  emissions and  geologists  would assist in understanding the marsh soils and bay muds. . Atmospheric sciences  focuses on the Earths atmosphere, with an emphasis upon its interrelation to other systems. Atmospheric sciences can include studies of  meteorology,greenhouse gas  phenomena,  atmospheric dispersion modeling  of airborne contaminants,[3][4]  sound propagation phenomena related to  noise pollution, and even  light pollution. Taking the example of the  global warming  phenomena, physicists create  computer models  of atmospheric circulation and infra-red radiation transmission, chemists examine the inventory of atmospheric chemicals and their reactions, biologists analyze the plant and animal contributions to  carbon dioxide  fluxes, and specialists such as  meteorologists  and  oceanographers add additional breadth in understanding the atmospheric dynamics. 3. Environmental chemistry  is the study of chemical alterations in the environment. Principal areas of study include  soil contamination  and  water pollution. The topics of analysis include chemical degradation in the environment, multi-phase transport of chemicals (for example, evaporation of a  solvent  containing lake to yield solvent as an air pollutant), and chemical effects upon biota. As an example study, consider the case of a leaking  solvent  tank which has entered the habitat soil of an  endangered species  of amphibian. As a method to resolve or understand the extent of  soil contamination  and subsurface transport of solvent, a computer model would be implemented. Chemists would then characterize the molecular bonding of the solvent to the specific soil type, and biologists would study the impacts upon soil  arthropods, plants, and ultimately pond-dwelling organisms that are the food of the endangered amphibian. 4. Geosciences  include  environmental geology,  environmental soil science, volcanic phenomena and evolution of the Earths crust. In some classification systems this can also includehydrology, including  oceanography. As an example study of soils  erosion, calculations would be made of  surface runoff  by soil scientists. Fluvial geomorphologists would assist in examining  sediment transport  in overland flow. Physicists would contribute by assessing the changes in light transmission in the receiving waters. Biologists would analyze subsequent impacts to aquatic flora and fauna from increases in water turbidity. Ecology study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. starts as early as 300 BC with the Greek named Theophastus, his interest with the interrelationship between organism and the living environment, become his as the Father of Botany. Environment refers to the sum of all the external forces and conditions acting on an organism or community of organism. oekologie was coined by the german zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, comes from the greek word oikos, meaning home or a place to live in. defines as the relationship of animals both to the organic as well as the inorganic environment,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in the mid-1900’s two group of botanist, one from the Europe and America, become interested in the study of plants communities, the Europeans concentrated on the composition, structure and distribution of plant communities, on the other hand the Americans concentrate to the development of plant, eventually they become interested at the animals as well, and gave a greater emphasis on inter-relationship of animals and plants. This become the birth of ecology as the formal field of study. British economist, Thomas Malthus, gave special attention to population in the early 19th century, his the first one o recognized the conflict between expanding population and earths capability to supply it. scope of ecology, organism (eg. Proto-plasma, cell, tissue, organ, organ system), population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. Organism: Levels of organization of life (inside the organism): Protoplasma – it makes up the living substance of the cell. Cell – basic unit of life Tissue-group of cell performing specific functions Organ- group of tissue carrying a particular functions Organ system – group of organ doing s specific function. Levels of organization of life (inside the organism): Population – group of organism of the same kind or species occupying a particular place at a particular time. Community – a group of populations occupying a given area. Ecosystem    basic unit of ecology, refers to the interaction between the organism and environment. It includes population, communities, habitat (the place where the organism lives) and the environment. eg. forest, grassland, river, etc. ) Biosphere – world of life. It is the portion of the earth where in life on its any form existed. Components of ecosystem: Biotic – they are the living components of ecosystem consisting of plants, animals and bacteria. Abiotic – they are the non living component that consist of substratum, ligh t, rainfall, nutrients, soil, temperature, etc. Biotic Components: Green plants   Ã‚  Ã‚     known as the producers. They capture the energy coming from the sun and together with the CO2 in the air and H2O converts this into food energy. They are called autotrophs (self nourishing), they manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis. There are also microscopic green plant called phytoplanktons, they give the green color to the bodies of water such as lake and rivers    Animals Known as the consumers. Obtain other food sources to other plants and animals they are called heterotrophs. Three types of consumers: Herbivores – that eat plants only Carnivores – animals that eat other animals. Omnivores- eat both plants and animals. Bacteria and Fungi They are called decomposers. They eat the dead bodies of plants and animals, where they get their energy and convert it to other nutrients back into the environment. They are popular called the janitor of the nature. Abiotic Components: Soil   the upper layer of the earth’s crust affected by plants and animals serves as the habitat and pool of nutrients for many organism. Humus dark decaying organic substance found in the soil. Physical characteristic of soil: Color The color of the soils is influence by the element present in the soil. Soil color and element presesent: Grey (lacks of iron) Brown red (rich in iron) Texture   the texture of the soil affects the amount of water and nutrients the soil can hold. Texture of the soil: Sandy (composed of coarse particles) Clay (consist of fine particles) Silt (composed of medium size particles. ) Loamy (mixture of clay, sand and silt) Moisture Water content of the soil. It is influence by factors such as: Texture Amount of rainfall Slope of the land Underlying rock type. pH The concentration of hydrogen ions on the soil. The soil which contain a large amount of lime is alkaline and with large amount of granite id acidic. pH value raging from 1-6 is acidic and 8-14 are basic while those with 7 reading is neutral type of soil. Structure Refers to the arrangement of it’s particle which build up larger amount of soil structure is called peds. The peds damage will result to the poor drainage of water to the soil. 2. Water Importance of water in ecosystem: It comprise of a large percentage of the tissues of all living organism. Required by plants to support their non woody tissues. Used by the plants as a vessel of nutrients from the soil. It is absorbed by the plant and release in the environment which produces the cooling effect. Plant adaptation to water: (Based on the tolerance of plant to water. ):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Hydropytes (Plants that grow in water and waterlogged soils)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Halophytes (Plants that grow in saline environment. )   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Xerophytes (Plants that grow in dry or arid condition. 3. Temperature Affects the plant and cooled blooded animals by controlling their metabolism. Affect the water loss of the organism. Most organism function at temperature between 0 degree to 50 degree centigrade.. 4. Wind An agent of pollination and seed dispersal. It also affects transpiration in the plants by causing faster evaporation with in their surroundings. Pathways of energy: Energy It is needed by the organism for growth, maintenance and repair and for life. Organism obtain their energy by two ways: Autotrophy (producing their own food) Heterotrophy (eating other organism) Food Chain Consist of the sequence of organism that eat other organism through which energy is transferred. Every food chain starts a producer and end with decomposers. Trophic levels of food chain: First trophic ( producers) Second trophic (herbivores called primary consumers) Third trophic (carnivore that eat hervobores) 4th trophic (carnivores that eat carnivores) In food chain the energy transferred from one trophic level to another is decreasing. Food web Consist of several interlocking food chain. It is a transfer of energy involving several pathways. Nutrients cycle: Classification of Nutrients: Macronutrients – those that are required by organism by large quantities. Ex. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen Micronutrient – are needed by the organism by smaller amounts. Ex. Sulfur, potassium, iron, and phosphorus. Water Cycles: Evaporation (from bodies of water) Respiration ( from animals) Transpiration (from the trees) Condensation   (accumulation of all the vapors, transpiration and respiration) Precipitation (for rain) Runoff (water run from the higher grounds) Carbon and Oxygen cycle: Carbon is mostly present in the environment by cabon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is present at: It could be found at dead organism. Volcano eruption. Respiration of animals. Oxygen is abundant in plants transpiration, it is release in the air as a waste product and absorbed by animals. Nitrogen Cycles: Nitrogen constitutes 78% of air in the atmosphere. Plants used it as a nitrates, and nitrogen converted it by two process: The action of lightning. Process of action by specialized organism such as legumes. Communities Community Group of different kinds of organism or species living together in a particular place. Worlds Major communities: 1. Dessert Biome Bushes and shrubs for vegetation Sandy, dry and loose type of soil. Less than 10 cm of rain fall in a year. Lizards, snakes, eagles, owls, toads, insects and small

The Tailless Aircraft

The Tailless Aircraft This report on tailless aircraft presents the pros and cons of using such an aircraft design for commercial purposes. The report comprises 4 sections discussing the aerodynamics, structural innovations, engines and overall advantages and disadvantages of tailless aircraft. The aerodynamic study of a tailless aircraft highlights the importance of the wave drag and span loading distribution and different designs that can improve the aerodynamic performance effectively. In structural innovations, several existing tailless aircraft are examined to identify how the structures have been designed to create a successful aircraft. In particular, structures used in the control and stability of the aircraft are examined. As regards to engines, the positioning of the engine and the idea of using a Vertical Takeoff has been discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of a tailless aircraft have been detailed. Introduction Of the aircraft in use today, the vast majority use a tailplane to house rudder and elevators. Aircraft without such a system remain quite rare. However, the concept of tailless aircraft has long been considered by engineers and aviators as an aerodynamically ideal. In the history of the aircraft design several attempts were made to build an aircraft with reduced tail size which has sometimes resulted in smaller drag and weight but has added to controllability problems. Because of this, tailless designs have mostly been used in military applications. In this report we assess whether it is now possible to seriously use this concept in commercial aircraft. Methodology The information contained in this report was primarily gathered from textbooks and internet research. Four different aspects of the subject were identified and each aspect was researched and written up by one member of the group. Additionally, the group were able to examine a harrier jump jet which visited Perth on 7th May 2010. Results of findings The following table summarises what the research has revealed: Negative points Lower profile and interference drag Lift to drag ratio increases by 20-25% Engines can be positioned in the centre rear instead of a tail, providing the additional advantage of directional stability Roll control is more efficient due to large wingspan The tip of the wing aerofoil is not near the stall angle due to backward sweep along with twisted wing tip Vertical takeoff is not practical since a large commercial aircraft weighs too much for the thrust available from current engine technology to overcome Directional control is more difficult to achieve without adding a rudder assembly The triangular spanwise aerodynamic loading distribution does not give the best aerodynamic performance even though the wave drag is the reduced. Section 1: Aerodynamics This section of the report discusses the aerodynamics of a tailless aircraft and various factors affecting the same. A tailless a is a revolutionary conceptual change from the classical design that has been prevailing for the past 50 years i.e. a wing attached to a cylindrical fuselage with a tail to ensure the stability and manoeuvrability of the aircraft. Lower wetted area (area which is in contact with the external airflow) to volume ratio and lower interference drag is the main aerodynamic advantage of a tailless aircraft in comparison with the conventional aircraft. On the aerodynamic performance side, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio depends on the ratio of the aircraft span to the square root of the product of the induced drag factor and the zero-lift drag area, which is proportional to the wetted area of the aircraft. () max = Where Cf is the average friction co-efficient (mainly dependent on the Reynolds number) over the wetted area Swet and is the friction co-efficient. Since the tailless aircraft have a lower aspect ratio but also a lower friction co-efficient due to its larger chord, we always get smaller relative wetted area. This provides a substantial improvement in aerodynamic performance by increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of tailless aircraft in cruise to about 20-25% as compared to the conventional aircrafts. The BWB-450 and BWB-800 were designed to compare with the existing fleet of conventional aircrafts as Boeing 747 and Airbus 380. BWB-450 was presented with the span and the aspect ratio being reduced to 80 m and 7.55 respectively, thereby concluding a decrease in 30%fuel burn per seat for the BWB models as compared to other conventional aircrafts and thus requiring 3 instead of 4 engines. Moreover another such design project was successfully completed, which is based on a similar payload and performance as Airbus 380 with over 650 passengers. The configuration of the project is well suited for the application of laminar flow technology (which results in skin friction drag) to the engine Nacelle and potentially to the lifting surfaces. Also an increase in cruise Mach number increases the drag making the design of aircraft unfeasible.

Responsible Fates Essay -- essays research papers

In the play Romeo and Juliet and the musical Wet Side Story, the two pairs of lovers were part responsible for their tragic fates. First, Romeo’s and Juliet’s families were enemies. In comparison, Tony and Maria of West Side Story were practically apart of gangs that were enemies as well. Second, both couples knew they shouldn’t have been together especially if they had to hide it. Third, Romeo and Juliet gave up hope when they committed suicide. Last, the couples knew their situations would be dangerous and would cause more feuding than there already was. To begin with, the Montagues and the Capulets were enemies and so were the Sharks and the Jets. In modern day life, one would not even think of speaking to a girl or boy if it is known that the person is of enemy blood. That would be a...

Nsu Mgt 210

Letter of Transmittal August 03, 2010 Mr. Faculty Member School of Business North South University, Dhaka. Subject: Transmittal Message Dear Mr. Here is the term paper of MGT 210 that you have asked for. For our project, you have selected United Airways (BD) Limited. We went to the company and talked with the top level managers to learn about them. Throughout the whole project we tried to follow your guidelines, apply our knowledge of management that is gained from you. We appreciate you for asking us to conduct this term paper.For any kind of enquiry regarding the term paper please contact us at [email  protected] com or 01717 244 574. Sincerely Yours, Table of Contents |Serial No. |Contents |Page No. | |01 |Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. |3 | |02 |Executive Summary |3 | |03 |Officers of the Company |6 |04 |Organogram |7 | |05 |Situational Analysis |8 | |06 |SWOT Analysis |11 | |07 |Objectives and Strategies |16 | |08 |Management Issues |20 | |09 |Conclusion |2 2 | |10 |Bibliography |23 | |11 |Appendix |24 | |12 |Group Photo |25 | Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) is pledge bound to be recognized domestically and internationally by the passengers, shareholders, investors and employees as the best airline in Bangladesh.To provide a safe and reliable service to our valued passengers, we deliver service with a sense of professionalism, warmth, care and friendliness. Customer’s satisfaction is our first priority. We want to deliver more than what we promise. We will achieve this by operating our flights on time and by offering personalized services on the ground and in the air. The slogan of UABDL is: â€Å"Fly your own Airline† Executive Summary United Airways (BD) Ltd. is the first airline which has been appeared with a vision to create a world class airline in Bangladesh. Some airline companies had tried for several years to capture this airline sector based Bangladeshi market, bu t none of them have actually achieved success. United Airways (BD) Ltd. s an emerging company which is looking forward to achieve a remarkable position in the local as well as foreign airline sector. United airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) has been founded by an expatriate airline pilot, Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury along with groups of professionals, business people and entrepreneurs with the intention of operating, managing and eventually owning several commercial aircrafts that will utilize Bangladesh as its base of operations. If we study past history, we will realize that how the airline sector of Bangladesh needed this kind of company. Previously, the airline sector was controlled and owned by government. From 1989, it was felt that there should be private airline company to provide better quality and service. In 1991, govt. hanged air transportation policy and permitted private sector to start airline business. During 1995, Aero-bengal, first private airline company, appeared in t he airline business. But government set some restrictions for private airline and did not permit them to fly in domestic routes. After a long bargaining, in 1996, govt. removed the restriction and allowed private aircrafts to fly in domestic routes. Another private airline company appeared in the industry named GMG and finally United Airways (BD) Limited came into the industry in 2005. UABDL was incorporated as a private limited company on 28th June, 2005. Subsequently the company was converted into a public limited company from 8th may, 2006.The company has been granted license from civil aviation authority of Bangladesh to operate passenger and cargo service in international and domestic sectors. On 10th July, 2007 UABDL commenced its 1st operation in domestic routes. UABDL internationally flied from Dhaka to Kolkata on 24 September, 2008. Now the company is moving forward to capture the share of international market. In spite of being a new member in the market, UABDL has gained very strong position. According to the annual report of 2007-2008, company generated revenue of Taka 222. 37 million. The gross profit amounting to Taka 95. 96 million; however the company experienced a loss of Taka 39. 11 million.From the audited report of 2009, we can find that company earned revenue of Taka 298. 22 million and made Taka 158. 26 million as gross profit. This indicates an increase of 64. 93% as compared with the financial year 2007-2008. The company earned net profit before tax Taka 16,983,733 during the period of July 09 to October 09. This shows us the remarkable advancement of this company in this adverse market state prevailing in the aviation industry. The company has been permitted by Security & Exchange Commission to issue IPO of Taka 100 crore in one crore shares having face value of Taka 100. The process of issuing IPO is expected to be accomplished by this year.Air travelers have experienced tremendous difficulty while traveling in Bangladesh. UABDL has c oncerned this as an opportunity and has been taking steps to make air travel to the country and inside the country easier, refreshing and reliable. United Airways (BD) Limited aims to develop the airline in a way which every Bangladeshi can feel proud of being associated with. Investors are not only a part of this profitable venture but are also a part of investing for the economic growth of Bangladesh. The development of this new airline will help move Bangladesh further into 21st century. The logo of the company is designated as available to all communities or groups.The seven colors – stroke lines give a feel of fineness while the overall shape gives an idea of unity. The shape of strokes is deliberated upon the shape of a circle – combined into a single entity. The multi colors of the logo reflects the various sophisticated services that UABDL is pledge bound to provide to their valuable passengers, investors, shareholder and patrons. United Airways (BD) Limited no w has nine aircrafts in its fleet which are – 2 x Dash – 8 – 103, 3 x MD- 83, 1 x Boeing 767 – 300ER and 3 x Let 410. It is operating domestic routes in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore and Cox’s Bazar and its international routes from Dhaka to Kolkata,Kathmundu and Kualalampur. UABDL serves exclusive halal meals for the passengers with special dietary needs by choice, due to medical or religious reasons. This menus have been prepared by trained chefs, with dieticians overseeing the overall nutritional value of the meal from their catering department in a hygienic way United Airways (BD) Ltd. discovers a unique opportunity in Bangladesh for domestic and international flight operation. Large number of population, along with notable economic growth and improving living standards of people ensures that this company will go further in this aviation industry. Officers of United Airways (BD) Ltd.Here is the list of the top Officers who are working in d ifferent positions of United Airways (BD) Ltd. |Name |Position |Remuneration (in taka) | |Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury |Managing Director |880,000 | |Syed Abdul Muqtadir |Senior Advisor |57,000 | |Capt. M Mushtaque Ali |Director Operation |70,000 | |Shahjahan S.Hasib |Director, |42,500 | | |International Affairs | | |Capt. Monirul Haque Joarder |Director, Planning |210,500 | |Group Captain Khurshid Alam Chowdhury (Retd. )|Director, HR |58,000 | |Wg. Cdr. ATM Nazrul Islam (Retd. ) |Company Secretary & Consultant |- | |Jilanee F. R.Chowdhury |Director, |- | | |Marketing & Sales | | |Wg. Cdr. Muhammad Ferdous Imam (Retd. ) |Director, |56,800 | | |Admin & Finance | | |Mujib -Ur- Rahman |Director, Engineering |70,000 | |D. M.Moudud Chowdhury |Consultant |46,500 | |Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed |Consultant |35,000 | |Nabhojit Panigrahi |Director, Ground Services |150,000 | |Farhad Hossain |Consultant |- | Organogram An organogram is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions. This is also known as management chart.United Airways (BD) Limited has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, marketing and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. The organogram of the company is shown below: Organogram of UABDL Situational Analysis Situational analysis is a marketing term which involves the situation and trends in a particular company’s market. It is designed to take a snapshot of where things stand at the same time the plan is presented. It is aimed at identification of internal and external forces that may influence the organization's performance and choice of strategies, current competitors. (www. businessdictionary. com) 1. Internal factorsInternal factors are those factors of an organization which can be controlled by the managers. In United Airways (BD) Ltd. there are some internal factors which affect the business. These factors come from within the business itself, without regard to any outside factors like customers and other businesses. These factors are under the domain of management of this company. 1. 1. Management levels Management level is one of the internal factors. It indicates how many levels are there from top to bottom. Management level includes operational level, technical level, and strategic level. i. Operational Level Operational level of any organization focuses on the performance and the efficiency of production work.Like every organization operations functions are at the core of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The primary managerial task here is to develop the best allocation of resources with the given amount of resources that produces the desired output. The core functions of UNITED AIRWAYS are: ? Provide all services on promised time. ? Provide some unique services to the passengers ? Bring the equipments directly from USA. ? Ensure passengers’ safety and satisfaction ? Ensure the welfare of employees ii. Technical level The main function of the technical level is to coordinate the activities of the operational level. There are some people in United Airways (BD) Ltd. ho are officially authorized to perform the technical works. People who are involved with technical works are more closely related to the tasks that are performed by workers. iii. Strategic level Strategic level indicates top level managers who determine the how the organization interacts with its environment. In this organization managing director, company secretary are considered as the top level manager. These managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm; rather, they set goals for the organization and direct the company to achieve them. These managers are ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization, and often, these managers have very visible jobs.As it is a new organization these top managers are using their experience and skills to improve its ranking and to do some good work for the society as well. As the source of authority comes from society the top level managers are working on how they can provide quality services to society. 2. External factors External factors are those factors which can’t be controlled by the managers. UABDL has some external factors as well like competitors, customers, suppliers etc. these factors come from outside the business. One of their major external factors is their competitors. 2. 1. Competitors of UABDL The market condition in Bangladesh is unpredictable.Attaining total success is a difficult task, as one need to win the hearts and souls of the people by adopting proper marketing strategy with a competitive price. Quality is the major tool for UABDL. The main competitors of UABDL are Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines, and Royal Bengal Airlines. Still it is increasing its position in terms of market share. Though, constantly they are under the threat from potential competit ors, but they are doing well. Also it is doing very well as a new company though there are some limitations. There will be many competitors in the future also in this sector. But UABDL thinks that to achieve its vision, it has to be superior to its competitors. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It accomplishes this by assessing an organization’s strengths (what an organization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) in addition to opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential unfavorable conditions for an organization). SWOT analysis is an important step in planning and its value is often underestimated despite the simplicity in creation. The role of SWOT analysis is to take information from the environmental analysis and separate it into internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (oppo rtunities and threats).Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives (a strength or opportunity), or if it indicates an obstacle that must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results (weakness or threat). (Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing Strategy, 1998). We have done the research to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and weaknesses of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The details are described in the follow. 1. Strengths Strengths are internal factors of an organization. Strengths are those characteristics of the organization which are useful to attain the objectives of the organization. Factors which are considered as strengths of UABDL are described here. 1. Customer Preference UABDL is bound to satisfy its customers.The company is offering its passengers a safe and comfortable flying experience at excellent value for money. Considering these fact ors, customers prefer United Airways (BD) Ltd. rather than any other airways. 1. 2. Maintaining Flight Schedules UABDL is very strict about time schedule. They hardly delay their flights if any unavoidable situation takes place. Otherwise, they maintain their time schedule very strictly. 1. 3. Providing Quality Service Quality service providing to the customers is one of the most important strength factors of UABDL. They consider that customer satisfaction is their first priority. What the company promises to give to the customers, it tries to give more than that. 1. 4. Lower Ticket Fair than OthersUABDL offers most competitive price compared to its competitors like GMG Airlines or Biman Bangladesh Airlines. This pricing strategy helps the company to attract more customers. 1. 5. Own Aircrafts UABDL does not lease the aircrafts like its competitors. No other airline companies in Bangladesh have their own aircrafts. But UABDL has its own aircrafts. This is one of the factors that Uni ted Airways can charge less than its competitors. 1. 6. Strong Management United Airways (BD) Ltd. has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, marketing and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. . Weaknesses Weaknesses are also internal factors of a company. Weaknesses are harmful or destructive for the company to achieve the objectives or goals. Factors which are considered as the weaknesses of United Airways are – 2. 1. Unfulfilled Marketing Promises Sometimes UABDL fails to fulfill the promises which were conducted during their marketing. But this kind of situation takes place very rarely in this company. 2. 2. Unavailability of Servicing Equipments Servicing equipments of the aircrafts are not available in Bangladesh. UABDL has to bring those equipments from abroad. This fact increases the servicing cost. 2. 3. Insufficient FundIt is very difficult to run airline business in a developing country like Bangladesh as this business is very costly to run. It is also very difficult to build a sufficient fund in Bangladesh. UABDL is facing this problem in this country. 3. Opportunities Opportunities are external circumstances which are supportive to realize the objectives of the organization. United Airways (BD) Ltd. considers some factors as its opportunities which are discussed below – 3. 1. High Growth Rate of Potential Customers The growth rate of potential customers is high as many people from Bangladesh are going abroad for different purposes. So, UABDL has enough opportunities to capture more customers. 3. 2. Increasing International RoutesUABDL already has introduced international flights, but the company is planning to increase its international routes. Many people from Bangladesh are living in different countries around the world. If UABDL expands its routes, people will prefer to travel by United Airways as it is their â€Å"Own Airline†. 3. 3. Increasing Market Share UABDL already has 52% market share and they are hoping to increase this rate. It will help the company to maximize its profit. 3. 4. Experienced Team The company has a very strong team of experienced Bangladeshi people in each and every department. Pilots, engineers, managers, marketing and sales people – all of them are very experienced which will help the company to be the best airline company in the country. 4. ThreatsThreats are external factors which are destructive or harmful for the company to achieve the goals. There are few factors which are considered as threats by United Airways (BD) Ltd. and they are described in the follow – 4. 1. Competitors Competitors are always considered as threats to any kind of companies. UABDL has mainly three competitors in Bangladesh – Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines and Royal Bengal Airlines. Competitors can take any unique steps to be the best airline company in Bangladesh. So, competitors are main threat to the company. 4. 2. Economic Condition of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country of the third world.The economy of the country is not strong. Natural calamity or any unavoidable situation also affects the country’s economy very much. So, this is also considered as a major threat of United Airways (BD) Ltd. 4. 3. Unwillingness of the Banks to Finance Banks in Bangladesh are not very helpful to the airline companies like UABDL to support them financially. It will be very difficult to receive financial support from the banks if it will be needed in future. The above discussion clearly reflects the overall condition of the company. SWOT analysis helps the company to find out its weaknesses and threats and find out the ways to overcome those by its strengths and opportunities.Objectives and Strategies Defining Objectives and Strategies A business objective is something the business is aiming toward or a strategic position it is working to attain. Usually is a step in the strategy. Objectives are similar to goals. And strategy is the process of accomplishing these objectives. To be successful, managers must develop and execute it well. (management. about. com) The objectives and strategies of United Airways (BD) Ltd. are discussed in the following. Objective – 1 The company will always provide quality, safety and on time service. Strategy United Airways (BD) Ltd. is always committed to its customers to provide quality in service.It employs skilled managers who can manage the jobs very efficiently. UABDL uses better quality aircrafts and puts a lot of effort on the maintenance of the aircrafts. If any defect is detected of the aircraft, the authority solves that very quickly. The company collects feedback from the customers after experiencing the travel. If there is suggestion, the authority tries to consider that and if there is any complaining, it takes that with great concern. Objective – 2 The company will expand its service t o Middle East by 2011. Strategy UABDL has found great opportunity in the Middle East routes. So, it is planning to expand its service to Middle East countries by 2011.For this purpose, it is setting up its offices in the respective areas and also planning to operate heavy aircrafts in the Middle East routes. It is going to take big promotional strategy in those places and also in Bangladesh. Objective – 3 The company will acquire market share from foreign carriers within few years. Strategy UABDL has already entered the international market by operating the international routes to Kolkata, Dubai, Kathmandu and Kualalampur. And it is also going to expand its foreign routes by the next year. So, by expanding its foreign routes, it is going to acquire market share from foreign carriers. Objective – 4 The company will generate employment opportunity of the country at present and future. StrategyUABDL opens a big opportunity for prospective employees. The company always pre fers to employ local energies. Except some of the technical positions, almost all of the employees of UABDL are Bangladeshi. So, the company is creating a huge opportunity for the local job seekers. In the current economy, there is lots of manpower available, but jobs are not available for them. UABDL is trying to create opportunity for those deserving people. The company should always follow this strategy in recruiting employees. Objective – 5 The company will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore through issuing IPO by 2010. Strategy UABDL is entering the stock market by issuing IPO for the first time this year.As a relatively new company, its performance in the opening years will surely catch the eyes of the investors to buy they shares of UABDL. The company is predicting that, issuing IPO will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore by this year. Objective – 6 The company will launch a project to operate in European destinations including London, Gatwick, M anchester, Birmingham from Dhaka and Sylhet within 12 months of completing the project of Middle East. Strategy The company aims at a broader view to expand its service to the European region. By 2011 the company is willing to complete the project of Middle East and within 12 months of the completion of that project, it will launch the project to operate in the European destination.It will operate flights from Dhaka and Sylhet to some major European destinations like London, Gatwick, Manchester, Birmingham etc. Objective – 7 The company will raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by 2014. Strategy UABDL is going to issue its IPO this year. So, this will help to raise its capital as well as its fund. The company will also increase its fund from different available sources. So, it is predicting that it will be able to raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by the year 2014. Objective – 8 The company will have airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Strategy From the inception of the company, it is aiming towards going to the international arena.Already it has placed its offices in different countries where it is operating its flights. As it’s another objective is to acquire market share from foreign carriers, it is going to open airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Objective – 9 The company wants to be a leader in the Aviation industry within 12 years. Strategy UABDL’s current performance indicates that it is going to be a leader in the local aviation industry within few years. This will be possible only if it can provide quality, safety and on time service regularly. As it will expand its business in international arena, it can dream to be a leader in the international aviation industry also. Objective – 10The company wants to participate in the economic development of the country in regular basis. Strategy UABDL regards its investors as comrades in their endeavor to contribute in the overall economic growth of Banglad esh. It believes that involvement in this airline by making an investment is an opportunity to be a part of a unique venture that will have a significant impact on national economy. And by operating the international flights more frequently, it will capture a big amount of foreign currency. It will conduct different projects for the development of the economy of Bangladesh. Management Issues Staffs of this United Airways (BD) Ltd. include experienced professionals from various institutions as well as credible airlines.Members of the management team is strategic thinkers and able to see the big picture, have diverse experience, demonstrate leadership attributes, combine business insight with technical savvy, and also committed to continuous learning. The company has departmentalized its function in following 11 categories – †¢ Operations †¢ Finance †¢ Planning †¢ Engineering †¢ Admin †¢ Sales and Marketing †¢ Human Resource †¢ Internatio nal Affairs †¢ Ground Service †¢ Catering †¢ Procurement Our study focused on departmentalization and organizational structure. The objective here was to understand things like degree and type of horizontal differentiation, vertical differentiation, mechanisms of coordination and control, formalization, and centralization of power.Looking at the organizational structure of the company we found it is based on 5 tiers at the top level management. This includes Managing Director, who is head of the company, Senior Advisor, Company secretary, Consultants and department directors. United Airways that make one-of-a-kind custom products, typically, both people's skills, knowledge and the machines used are important. Discussion with staff revealed following aspects: †¢ It is relatively expensive to operate, and work process is unpredictable †¢ It is comparatively flat organization (few levels of hierarchy) †¢ MD has low span of control (direct reports) †¢ Relatively low percentage of managers Concentrated units are Procurements, sales and marketing, Human resources and International Affairs †¢ Company work is largely vulnerable because of largely wide variables influencing its work. (i. e. Aircraft routes, country politics, International politics etc. ) Where operation level staffs deal with the ongoing day-to-day complexities of organizations, top level leaders effectively orchestrate important change. While managing requires planning and budgeting routines, leading includes setting the direction (creating a vision) for the company Management requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people, and monitoring activities; Leaders of United Airways goes beyond these functions by inspiring people to attain the vision.Directors keep operations level staff focused on moving the organization toward its ideal future, motivating them to over come whatever obstacles lie in the way. The culture determines the type of l eadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. In United Airways BD workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Conclusion United Airways has a goal of being a leader in aviation industry at home and abroad.It will be a long journey for the company to accomplish that goal as it is very new in the industry. But whatever the company has done till now, it shows clear sign of the company’s prospect. In this very short time, it has placed itself in a good position in the market. It is also entering the stock market this year. It aims to involve every Bangladeshi expatriates to affiliate with them as a proud owner of the airline by owning its share. By owning the share of UABDL, investors will not only be a part of a prof itable business, but will also be investing in Bangladesh themselves. United Airways comprises a team of dynamic and talented Bangladeshi who are fully committed to make sure that their dream becomes a successful reality.The company believes that involvement in this airline is a chance to become a part a unique venture that will have a significant impact on Bangladesh, leaving a long term legacy for all. And through its dedicated service to the customers, United Airways truly want to be â€Å"Your Airline†. Bibliography In order to prepare this term paper, we have taken information from several sources. Here is a list of those sources. 1. Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancevich. Fundamentals of Management. N. p. : Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1998 2. Griffin, W. Ricky. Management. N. p. : Cengage Learning, 2006. 3. Dessler, Gary. Organization and Management – A Contingency Approach. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice – Hall, 1976. 4. Ahmed, Dr. Md. Hafiz.The Gems in Management â €“ For Achieving Personal Greatness. Dhaka, Dhanshalik Prokashani, 2006 5. Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing Strategy. Orlando, FL: Dryden Press, 1998. 6. â€Å"Definition of situational analysis†. Businessdictionary. com. , 2010 7. â€Å"SWOT analysis in business†. About. com. , 2010 8. â€Å"Shortage of human resources worrying tourism industry stakeholders†. The Bangladesh Monitor (Dhaka). July 1 – 15, 2010. 9. â€Å"United Airways launches flight in Dhaka – Kualalampur route†. Parjatan Bichitra (Dhaka). January, 2010. Appendix Here is the sample question that we asked the persons we met at United Airways (BD) Ltd. 1.Would you kindly share us the history of UABDL? 2. What were the main reasons of coming into this business? 3. How is your company doing financially? 4. What is the organizational structure of your company? 5. What kind of leadership style does your company follow? 6. Who are your target customers? 7. What is the current market position of UABDL? 8. What are the internal and external factors that are affecting your business? 9. Would you kindly share us the company’s strengths and opportunities? 10. Would you mind sharing the company’s weakness and threats with us? 11. What are the major objectives of your company? 12. What are the future plans of UABDL?We are really grateful to the following persons whom we met at UABDL for sharing the information with us – Wg. Cdr. (Retd. ) Dr. A T M Nazrul Islam Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed Consultant and Company Secretary Consultant Finance and Accounts United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Captain Khurshid Alam Director HR United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Photo ———————– Director Procurement Director Catering Director Ground Services Director Sales & Marketing Director Admin All the members of our group with the Consultant (Finance & Accounts), Company Se cretary and Director HR (from left).