Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Islamic teachings of early Islam inclined towards the social ideals of a settled life in preference to the nomadic way of life of the troublesome Arab nomads. The great importance that Prophet Muhammad placed on a settled way of life (hijra), and the abandonment of the nomadic way of life in the process of embracing Islam formed the basis of this means to subdue the troublesome Arab nomads. According to Donner (1981), this enabled the early Islamic elites to draw support from these religious teachings in their attempts to subdue the potentially troublesome Arab nomads, as can be seen from this quote, when supplies were requested for the troublesome Arab nomads, â€Å"by God, I will not supply you until I have supplied the settled people [ahl al-ha-dira]†. (1) The early Islamic elites denied the troublesome Arab nomads’ high positions of power in the political set up, and in the army chain of command, even if their loyalty was not in doubt, as the second means to control the Arab nomads. This ostracizing of the nomadic tribes meant that in the eyes of the ruling elite, they were not fit to occupy such seats of power. This meant that only the settled people occupied these seats of power, and removed the possibility of the Arab nomads being able to use these seats of power to incite action on behalf of the Arab nomads. (1) The tax pattern that was introduced by the early Islamic elites in the opinion of Donner (1981), sought to ostracize the Arab nomads. While the Muslims leading a settled way of life had to pay alms or zakat, and the non-Muslims leading a settled way of life tribute, or tax called jizya, the nomadic tribes had to pay a tax called sadaqa. This differentiation suggests that though the nomadic Arabs, who had embraced the religion of Islam were not considered to the settled Muslimsm and could be extended to mean that they were not Muslims in the true sense. (1) The final means employed by the early Islamic elite in subduing the

Health & Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health Social Care Essay Ai) What is meant by ‘duty of care’. Health and social care organisations have what is called a duty of care towards the people they look after. That means that they must do everything they can to keep the people in their care safe from harm. It is not only the care establishment that needs to prioritise the safety, welfare and interests of the people using its services, but also the care workers of the establishment. My employer also has a duty of care for staff members, to ensure that working conditions are safe, and suitable to deliver the service. Aii) How the duty of care affects the work of a social care worker. It means the duty of care you have in your job is to keep yourself safe and your service user safe. Keep up to date on your training. All ways wash your hands before attending a service user before and after, and wear the protective aprons and gloves that are supplied by your work the duty is in exercising caution and to refrain from causing another person injury or loss. In tort law, a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeable harm others. Aiii) What having a duty of care means for a care giving organisation. When an employer adheres to the duty of care in a setting such as a residential care home it protects residents as well as the staff. This is because all codes of practice are carried out and makes the home a safer environment, e.g. equipment is regularly checked, chemicals are stored correctly staff trained regularly Aiv) How the duty of care contributes to safeguarding individuals. In my role I have a duty of care to raise any concerns I may have about any aspect of my work. These can range from inadequate working conditions, poor equipment, and poor practice by other staff; to raising concerns about potential abuse cases and situations of neglect. It is my duty of care to safeguard individuals from harm. All employees should report any concerns of abuse they have. These might include evidence or suspicions of bad practice by colleagues and managers, or abuse by another individual, another worker or an individual’s family or friends. If I do not work in this way, I could be considered negligent or incompetent. If I am in any doubt at any time, I must discuss any issues I have with my supervisor / manager.

Song of Lawino Poem by Okot pBitek

Song of Lawino Poem by Okot pBitek In Song of Lawino, by Okot pbitek, the main theme revolves around Lawino attacking Ocol, her husband who had left her for a modern woman, and his ways while praising her own culture. She is a proud and traditional Acoli woman who holds a certain disregard for the western culture that her educated husband had fallen into. A lot throughout the novel, she keeps on cursing Ocol and making a racket and din about all his misdeeds. She also launches an attack on Clementine, Ocols new westernized, educated wife. Now, whether or not she had a solid case for acting so strongly against Ocol and Tina is what we shall be looking at in this essay. And that she looks sickly and is a piteous sight. These unprovoked accusations will be considered as jealousy by many especially since Lawino admits I do not deny, I am a little jealous, which I consider a huge understatement since Lawinos hate which is evident in the second chapter is proof that she is in fact very jealous of Tinas influence over Ocol. However, how much ever Lawino is jealous of Tina, she absolutely does not have a case since this cannot justify any misdoing on Ocols part because polygamy was a common thing at that time and Ocol had every right to marry Tina. And Lawinos jealousy was not acceptable evidence against Ocol. Some may say that Lawino expressed more than jealousy and was actually defending her rich African culture, but she did, however, do it at the cost of degrading the western culture. Nevertheless, he does his role well, and goes to many lengths saying that the local congress party was against Catholics (the faith Ocol believes in). This, apart from creating a bad will for him among people, also causes conflicts within his own family. We see that, Ocols brother was the leader of the congress party, the arch-enemy of the Democratic Party that Ocol leads. This causes Ocol to become bitter and turn the whole issue personal. He says that his brother wants to kill him and he also forbids Lawino to visit her husband in laws house and indeed orders her not to even talk to them. It was once said by a great man called Vivekananda that when a man has begun to feel ashamed of his ancestors, the end has come. This is exactly what Ocol does. In this case, I feel that Ocol was being too unacceptable. Although Ocol is against his brother politically, I think making the issue personal was a stupid thing to do. He was in fact blowing up the matter to something big. Lawino, who in this case was being very thoughtful, realizes that these two men were doing senseless. After all, the main aim of the parties was supposed to be national unity and now the war leaders are tightly locked in bloody feuds, eating each others livers and she correctly notices that ignorance stands there like an elephant. In the chapter seven, where it says there is no fixed time for breast-feeding, Lawino has something more to her favor. Ocols obsession over time is a debatable issue. Yes, in modern times, people would agree with Ocol that time should not be wasted and so it must be used to its full potential. However, I feel that Ocol is taking the issue of time too far by wanting to keep fixed time for every little thing in the house. Lawino says; For such a case, I think Lawino does again have a point. Its perfectly sensible to breastfeed when there is a need to. So, Ocols heaps of abuse on Lawinos illiteracy for not knowing time is just plain unacceptable. He neednt insist everything in their house happen on time when the Acolis have managed their priorities for years by simply following the suns movement and the roosters crow. Until now, Lawino mostly did have a solid case in many things that she was saying. However, the rest of what she says is, in my viewpoint, a matter of opinion and so it will not hold a solid case against Ocol. She laments about Ocols decision to follow the western culture instead, but lawfully, there was nothing wrong with that. Ocol had every right to follow the way of life that he wants by all means. Being university educated may have changed his way of thinking and caused him to want to westernize. Lawinos accusations of him of being a traitor to his traditions may have been culturally correct, but definitely not strong enough to sue him. Some may say that Lawino was in fact being irrational as she was trying to impose her culture on Ocol, without letting him be. And he also goes in to regret why was I born Black? Ocol tries his hardest to deny the African blood in him and he wants to assimilate into the white peoples culture instead. This is not acceptable because if he has the right to enjoy his ways, then Lawino does too. So, we can say that in this particular matter, both Lawino and Ocol are at fault. The above argument, apart from referring to culture, is also applicable to the differing religious faith that the two follow. Agreed, Lawino does not think much of the hunchback or the clean ghost and neither does Ocol of Lawinos traditional African religion where he says we will smash / the taboos / one by one / explode the basis / of every superstition / we will uproot / every sacred tree/ and demolish every ancestral / shrine. Hence the two should have learnt to co-exist with each other rather than squabble endlessly other their faiths. So, in conclusion, after evaluating the cases of both Lawino and Ocol, I deduce that Lawinos case is stronger than Ocols. Seeing that Lawino has been more of a victim under Ocols hands than Ocol under the white mens, as seen in the argument given above, Lawino does indeed have a proper case against Ocol. Although Lawino had a small part to do with it, her marital tribulations have been highly unstable mainly because of Ocols foolish attitude and his senseless actions.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching St

Philosophy of Education Relating my reasons for becoming a teacher was not a very difficult task for me; to accomplish this task I simply needed to reflect upon and describe some of my own personal experiences. I relied basically upon my memories and thoughts about my own educational experiences. However, describing my philosophy of education was much more difficult task for me to accomplish. First of all, before I could properly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a working definition of the concept of philosophy. My search for this working definition of the term philosophy led to further research which provided further insight into viewpoints of various well-known philosophers; some of whom we discussed in class. Therefore, the purpose of my research became twofold, the first purpose was to obtain a working definition of the concept of philosophy. The second purpose was to become more familiar with some of the ideas of a few well known philosophers which would help me compare my own lines of thinking with some of their viewpoints and help me conceptualize my own philosophy of teaching. As I stated before, my reasons for becoming a teacher were easy to identify and describe. First of all, I have always very much enjoyed being around children of all ages and view teaching as the profession that will allow me to do something I truly enjoy. Secondly, I also strongly feel that in order to successfully teach in any discipline, one must be interested in, and be proficient in, the content of the discipline. Therefore, I chose the field of physical education primarily because of my lifelong interest in physical activities of all kinds and also because of my personal successes in the sport o... ...h development of strategies that will allow students to overcome their weaknesses to the fullest extent they can be. I feel that development of their strengths and strategies for overcoming their weaknesses will allow my students to develop self-knowledge and confidence in their own abilities, which in turn, will encourage them to make good choices throughout their lives. I will strive to practice this above stated philosophy throughout my teaching career, and create risk reduced environments and also assignments such as this one. This assignment encouraged me to think deeper and connect with the thoughts of others and I always found that assignments that encourage deeper thought help me to develop further self-knowledge. Finally, I will always emphasize the importance of education and encourage its pursuit as a valuable lifelong mission for all.

The Atomic Bomb :: American America History

The Atomic Bomb The atomic bomb is a powerful, explosive nuclear weapon. It is fueled by the fission of the nuclei of specific amounts of plutonium or uranium, in a chain reaction. The strength of the explosion created by one of these bombs is equal to the strength of an explosion created by thousands of tons of TNT. To detonate one of these bombs, enough mass of plutonium or uranium must be provided to reach what is known as "critical mass." Critical mass is the mass at which the nuclear reactions going on inside the material can make up for the neutrons that are leaving the material through its outside surface. These materials are usually separated within the bomb so that critical mass cannot be reached until the bomb is ready to explode. Once the chemical reactions within the bomb begin, the neutrons released by each reaction hit other atoms and create more fission reactions until all the material is scattered, or completely exhausted. This process releases enormous amounts of energy in the form of extreme heat and a massive shock wave. These nuclear explosions, in addition to their pressure waves, high winds, and flash burns, produce deadly radiation that contaminates soil and water, and destroyed living matter. The atomic bomb was first created in the early twentieth century. Physicists in the United States and Europe had discovered that the fission of uranium could be used to create a deadly explosive weapon. A letter was sent to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt by Albert Einstein that described this discovery and warned him of its potential dangers if developed by other nations. The Manhattan Project was established by the U.S. government in 1942 so the country could develop an atomic device. A team under the command of United States Army Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves designed and built the first atomic bombs, directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer. This type of bomb was first tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The amount of energy that was released by this explosion alone was equivalent to twenty thousand tons of TNT. Many nations have tested nuclear devices, in the atmosphere, under the earth, and under the oceans. Only the United States of America, Russia, Great Britain, France, and China openly admit to possessing these nuclear weapons. Many other nations, however, are thought to have the capability to assemble these items quickly.

Factors Associated with Divorce :: Divorce Marriage Relationships Essays

Factors Associated with Divorce Research shows there are 4 major factors that increase the likelihood of divorce A. Divorce Caused By Age At Marriage 1. As age when married decreases, likelihood of divorce increases - Couples under the age of 18 are much more likely to divorce than couples who marry at any later age 2. Younger Couples Are: - Unprepared for marriage - Unaware of what is expected of them - Not mature enough to handle responsibilities 3. Drawbacks - The younger you are the less dating experience you’ve had - Not sure what you really value in a partner - Being young they may get bored and prefer a new marriage as opposed to their current one - Young couples have few reasons not to divorce - May have married without parents permission, so divorce may be supported by family - Likely do not have property together 4. Marrying due to pregnancy - Having a child before or early in marriage - Gives couple little time to adjust to each other and demands of marriage - May limit the parents’ educational and occupational goals - Increases financial strain on relationship B. Race 1. Studies show African Americans have higher divorce rates than Whites or Latinos - African Americans also much more likely to remain in a â€Å"separated† status - Their greater likelihood of being unemployed and living in poverty contribute to marital disruption 2. African American women are: - Less likely to marry - More likely to separate or divorce - Less likely to remarry On average African American women spend only about half the amount of time white women spend in marriage. C. Socioeconomic Status 1. Lower socioeconomic strata of society: - Lower levels of education, Lower incomes, Lower-status occupations - Higher marital instability rates Poor families are twice as likely to breakup as nonpoor families. - Lower-status married couples may have higher divorce rates because they

Reaction Paper to Ethics Essay

In chapter 1 we discuss the study of â€Å"ETHICS†. Ethics came from the word ethos which means the characteristic way of acting and its Latin word is mos., mores which means the traditional line of conduct or custom. It is form this root word that the word moral or morality is derived. Example of ethos of man as man is revealed that he is able to distinguish between good and evil, right or wrong, moral and immoral. Ethics is defined as the â€Å"practical and philosophical science of the morality of human act†. In science it is a body of systematized knowledge arranged with its accompanying explanation. In a practical science ethics consists of principles and laws that are applied in daily living. In philosophical science it presents and deliberates its subject matter. Ethics has an object material object to human, formula object to morality act, formula object quo to human reason, and formula. Ethics also has importance first is to sharpen the moral nature of the lear ners by inculcating the moral norms it means that to open to the mind to people that ethics is important. Second is to make them aware of the moral principles and laws governing man’s action It’s importance to aware to man’s moral principles and laws to what are their limitation as a man. Third to help the students become aware of the intimate relation between their moral natures and law, student must know also their relations as a man and be aware what they’re doing as man are. Fourth to show to the learners acting in accordance with the rational and moral nature could lead them supernatural destiny-God and fifth is to develop in the students in the students realize that people cannot live together harmoniously in society without the ethical norms and laws applied or followed. There are two types of ethical system. First is the Atheistic which he/she believes that God does not exist or we can say that this kind of man is an Anti-Christ. It’s characteristic that only matter exist, Man is responsible only to himself, morality is an invention of man to su it his requirements and top preserve his society, and moral truths are temporary and mutable depending on the situation. The concept of good and evil is always relative and changeable. Their theories is that matter is the reality that man is matter and does not have spiritual dimension, man is free and  must exercise his freedom to promote the welfare of society, and man is accountable only to state. Second ethical system is the Theistic that he/she believes that God is the supreme lawgiver. Man is free and must use his freedom to promote his personal and social interest along with his fellowmen, has an immoral soul which cannot die, and is accountable for his actions, both good and evil. In chapter 1 we also discuss that ethics has a relation to other sciences. Ethics and logic that doing follows thinking as knowledge or right leads to doing of right. Ethics and psychology both deals with the study of man, human nature, and human behavior its difference is that psychology is not interested in the morality of human act, unlike ethics. Ethics and Sociology it deals with the moral order which includes the social order. Society depends on ethics for its underlying principles. And finally ethics and economics man is also an economic being because he has to support himself y earning a living this to aspects of one and the same human nature. Chapter 2 we discuss â€Å"Man and His Existence† in this chapter we recognize some Greek thinkers (The founder of philosophy of man). First Socrates (469-399BC) his is a teacher of Plato he believes that man is made of body and soul. The soul is distinct from the body, and is likened to God in memory, understanding, indivisibility, immortality, and the highest value if man is happiness. Second Plato (427-347 BC) he believes that man is essentially a soul that souls are spiritual and immortal and death liberates the soul from the prison of the body. And third Aristotle (384-322) He also believes that man is made of body and soul. Some Christian thinkers like St. Augustine of Hippo, St Anselm of Italy and St. Thomas Aquinas accepted the philosophical teaching of ancient philosophers in their view that man is composed of body and soul. But they incorporated the idea on the church’s teaching. They hold that the human soul is spiritual being essentially present in his body. Some Oriental philosophers Lao- Tse who encourages man to be virtuous in order to attain Tao The term Tao means â€Å"way†, â€Å"path† or â€Å"principle†, and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. Confucius who taught man with his â€Å"Golden Rule† Do not impose on others what you do not wish for yourself. Had order to attain happiness and self-protection. Gautama â€Å"Buddha† Siddharta who is â€Å"The  Enlightened one† believes that man must strive for happiness, that can’t not be attained in this world for it is a state of peace. They hold the only way for man to reach happiness is liberate him from the slavery of sensual pleasures of this world and from selfishness. There some various notions of man. Man as body – soul composite Man as a rational animal Man as embodied subjectivity Man is a being – in this world Man as socius and interhuman Man as a person and Man as an absolute value. We also discussed in chapter 2 the human existence the meaning of existentialism a reaction to the depersonalization, dehumanization, the loss of the uniqueness of the individual during the Industrial revolution. Rene Descartes a French philosopher (1956-1650) Father of modern philosophy. He started with his â€Å"methodic doubt† he claimed that everything was dubitable even hid own body. But doubting is an concludes that if we think therefore we exist â€Å"COGITO ERGO SUM† some of human existential experiences are. The experience of the good Man experience the good things here on earth the experience of the beautiful the beautiful how we live  the experience of love the love to each other  the experience of existence of being a human and as a man and the experience of the of happiness while living here on earth. Socrates told that â€Å"Know thyself† and unexamined life is not worth living that soul is imprisoned in the body Plato tells death about liberation world of forms over idea which soul (real man) its parts is rational, appetitive, and spiritual. Aristotle tells that a rational animal of being a Hylemopshism- Being In Chapter 3 we discuss â€Å"Man and his end† Man does not act without any motive or objective in view. He always acts to achieve something by the action. End is both termination and a goal of activity. It is that which completes of finishes a thing, and it is that for which the thing is finished. End as something good the end of human is apprehended as good desirable. If the end  is desirable or attractable to the agent, then it must be good. There are three modes of perceiving and using the good. Good as to utility an object or act is perceived as good when it is useful for one’s proposed and satisfaction. Good as to beauty an object or an act is a thing of beauty when it satisfies their aesthetic appetite. The judgment if beauty remains both subjective and objective. And good as to nature or reality it is not accidental. End has four classifications. End of the act it is the natural termination of an activity, thus, what is good and desirable is also the end of the act. End of the agent it is a personal purpose intended by the person performing the relax himself. Temporal ends, intermediate ends this is intermediary in that they are used as means to attain other ends. And Ultimate end this is the last final goal of a human act and human agent. It is the end of all ends. This is a permanent and absolute one. End also has two aspects first is the subjective ultimate end is the subjective possession of the objective ultimate end by the person. The possession results to enjoyment or happiness. Second is objective end gives the agent happiness by possession thereof. There are some ultimate goals of life chosen by certain thinkers. First is materialistic ethics holds that the supreme good of man are human pleasures and satisfaction. It has three kinds hedonism holds that the highest end of man is found in sensual pleasures and bodily s atisfaction. Utilitarianism insist that the ultimate end of man is the possession political power through conquest of the other nations Social Utilitarianism claims that the greatest value of man consists the maximum welfare of the entire society Second is the Ultra-spiritualism takes spiritual matters and virtues in this life as ultimate end. And it has two kinds of it Greco Roman stoicism believes that the virtue and abstinence from sensual pleasures as the highest end of man. Humanistic Personalism holds that the ultimate end of man consist of human perfection through knowledge, virtue, honor which must be acquired. Last is the Progressive ethics the final goal of man is the continuous acquisition of all temporal goods which may be socio-economic political and moral progress, taken as a while as general or individual well-being in society. We also discuss the Christian ethics came from the  Greek word Christus this simply shows us about the history of salvation from eternity to eternity. Eth ical Ultimate Goal of Chrisitanity are to glorify to God (God’s glory) that Christians worship God through prayers and by attending a mass and listening to pastors or priest to the word of God by the Bible. And Salvation of Mankind by spreading the word of God to mankind especially when you read John 3:16 : For God so love the world that he gave his only begotten son for whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have an everlasting life† In chapter 4 we discuss â€Å"Human Acts† is an activity that man wants to obtain. In wide sense, human act means any sort of activity, internal or external, bodily or spiritual done by a human being. Acts of man is an activity of man as animal. There are three signs of acts of Man they act are done in deliberately, they are not done freely, and they are done involuntary. Acts of man are instinctive, and are not within the control of the will. Human act is an act which proceeds from the deliberate free will of man. In order that an act is human, it must possess three essential qualities. There are three essential attributes of human acts. First an act which is deliberately done, it must be performed by conscious agent who is aware of what he are doing and of its consequences Second an act which is done freely or with freedom, it must be performed by an agent who is acting freely and the act must not be done out of far. And Last one is an act is done voluntarily on voluntariness the act must be performed by the agent who decides willfully to perform the act, it emanates from the bottom of his heart. Human acts must be done knowingly, freely and voluntarily. There are also kinds of human act and its classification. First is an Elicited act it is that begins and are perfected in the will itself. These acts find their adequate cause in the will alone. Wish the first tendency of the will towards a thing, natural, inclination of the will towards an object. Intention the purposive tendency of the will towards a thing regarded as realizable. Consent the acceptance of the work of the means necessary to carry out intention. Election is the selection by the will of the precise means to be employed in carrying out intent. Use the employment by the will of powers to carry out its intention by the means selected. And fruition the enjoyment of a thing willed and done. We also discuss in his chapter the will and freedom. Wills is man’s natural  tendency of being attracted to what is good and beautiful and be repulsed from what is evil and ugly after they have been presented by intellect. Moral distinctions is the human acts may either be in conformity or not with the dictates of season shows what is permissible in a given situation, the best option as a matter of facts. Moral actions are those actions which are in conformity with the norm of morality. Immoral actions are those actions which are not in conformity with the norm of morality. and Amoral action are those action which stand neutral in relation to the norm or morality. Ignorance is the absence of the intellectual knowledge in a man. There are some aspects of ignorance. Ignorance of the law is the absence of knowledge of a person ought to possess Ignorance of the fact is the ignorance of nature of circumstances of an act that is generally forbidden in the community. Ignorance of penalty is the lack of knowledge of the sanction imposed by low to violators. And ignorance it its subject it lies in the agent who has no knowledge of the law, fact or penalty. In chapter 5 we discuss â€Å"The Norms of human act† Norm is a standard of measurement. It is an instrument or which the quality or quantity of a thing is determined. It is something we distinguish the goodness and evilness of the man act. Norm has two human acts. First is Law is an ordinance of reason, promulgated for the common good by one who has charged of a society. Law is an ordinance an order coming the legitimate authority law is an ordinance of reason its result of the law gives reasonable wills it should not contrary to higher law. law is promulgated it made known to those bound by it and made it publicly. Law is promulgated for the common good it must serve for the public good. And law is promulgated in a society it is applicable only to those the social institutions, society and community and pertains to the legitimate lawgivers. There are also norms of morality Eternal law it is the divine reason and will commanding that the natural order of things be preserved and forbidding that it disturbed. Natural law or the law of nature (Latin: lex naturalis), is a system of law that is purportedly determined by nature, and thus universal. Classically, natural  law refers to the use of reason to analyze human nature—both social and personal—and deduce binding rules of moral behavior. Natural law is contrasted with the positive law (meaning â€Å"man-made law†, not â€Å"good law†; posit) of a given political community, society, or nation-state, and thus serves as a standard by which to criticize said positive law. And last we discuss about kinds of conscience. Corrects or true conscience it discerns and dictates to the person that is good as good what is evil as evil. Erroneous or False Conscience it mistakes what is good as to evil and what is evil to good. Scrupulous Conscience this is extremely cautious or fearful to the point that the person refuses to do or judges the act. Lax conscience this finds excuses for an evil act to be no sinful. Certain Conscience a person acts in the state of good faith And Doubtful Conscience he is not sure on the goodness or badness of an act.